apt-get

本文详细介绍了 Ubuntu 17.10 (Artful Aardvark) 的软件源配置内容,包括主仓库、更新仓库、合作伙伴仓库及安全更新仓库等,帮助用户了解如何正确配置软件源以获取稳定且安全的软件包。

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#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 17.10 _Artful Aardvark_ - Release amd64 (20180105.1)]/ artful main restricted


# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful main restricted


## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful-updates main restricted


## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful-updates universe
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful-updates universe


## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful multiverse
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful-updates multiverse


## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ artful-backports main restricted universe multiverse


## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu artful partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu artful partner


deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu artful-security multiverse
### Apt-get 使用指南与功能介绍 Apt-get 是 Debian 及其衍生发行版(如 Ubuntu)中常用的包管理工具之一,用于处理软件包的安装、更新和删除等操作。以下是关于 Apt-get 的详细介绍及其常见用法。 #### 1. 安装软件包 要使用 Apt-get 安装某个软件包,可以通过以下命令完成: ```bash sudo apt-get install <package_name> ``` 此命令会自动解析依赖关系并下载所需的文件以完成安装过程[^1]。 #### 2. 更新本地索引数据库 为了确保能够获取最新的软件版本信息,通常需要先执行以下命令来同步远程仓库中的数据至本地缓存: ```bash sudo apt-get update ``` 这一步骤非常重要,因为它刷新了系统的软件源列表,使得后续可以访问最新发布的补丁或新发布的产品[^3]。 #### 3. 升级现有软件包 当希望将系统内的所有已知软件都提升到最高兼容版本时,可采用如下两种方式之一来进行全局范围内的升级作业: - **常规升级**:仅限于那些不会改变重要配置项或者引发冲突的情况。 ```bash sudo apt-get upgrade ``` - **完全分布级别升级**:适用于更复杂的场景,允许更改可能影响整个环境稳定性的参数设置。 ```bash sudo apt-get dist-upgrade ``` 两者之间的主要差异在于对待复杂依赖解决策略上的不同态度;前者倾向于保守做法而后者更加激进些[^3]。 #### 4. 删除不再使用的依赖库 随着时间推移以及频繁地增删各类应用之后,可能会残留许多已经没有任何实际用途但却占据磁盘空间的老化组件。这时就可以借助清理机制释放多余资源: ```bash sudo apt-get autoremove ``` 另外还有另一种形式专门针对彻底清除指定目标连同其关联文档资料一并销毁掉的动作模式——purge选项: ```bash sudo apt-get remove --purge <package_name> ``` #### 5. 搜索可用软件包 如果不确定具体名称但又想快速定位符合条件候选对象的话,则可以运用search子命令配合正则表达式技术达成目的: ```bash apt-cache search <keyword> ``` 以上便是围绕着APT家族成员之一—apt-get展开的一系列基础教学内容概述[^2]。 ---
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