《构建在Spring Web Flow框架上的简单订单流程系统》-优快云博客

本文介绍了如何使用SpringWebFlow框架来实现一个简单的订单支付流程系统。包括项目搭建、配置文件详解及流程定义。

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Spring Web Flow

Spring Web Flow是一个WEB框架，它使用于元素按规定流程运行的程序，它是Spring Mvc的扩展，它支持基于流程的应用程序，它将流程的行为的类和视图分离开来。

关于Spring Web Flow，官网上的介绍是这样的：

Spring Web Flow builds on Spring MVC and allows implementing the “flows” of a web application. A flow encapsulates a sequence of steps that guide a user through the execution of some business task. It spans multiple HTTP requests, has state, deals with transactional data, is reusable, and may be dynamic and long-running in nature..

简单的翻译下：Spring Web Flow是建立在Spring MVC上面的，并允许实现web应用程序的“流”。这个流封装了一系列用于指导用户执行业务任务的步骤。它跨越多个HTTP请求，具有状态，可以处理事务数据，而且是可重用的，并且可能是动态的和长期运行的。

下面我们来带大家来使用Spring Web Flow框架来模拟简单的订单系统。

这里写图片描述

1.首先来创建一个maven项目，导入的依赖如下：

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>3.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webflow</artifactId>
            <version>2.4.5.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.8.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/jstl -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

然后我们来搭建Spring Mvc框架，web.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
             version="3.1">

      <display-name>winner-test Web Application</display-name>
      <servlet>
        <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--指定了核心配置文件的位置 -->
        <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath:mvc-dispatcher.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
      </servlet>
      <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>
      <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
      </welcome-file-list>
    </web-app>

mvc-dispatcher.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

        <!-- 配置包扫描器 -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="cn.shinelon.controller"/>
        <!-- 配置注解驱动 -->
        <mvc:annotation-driven/>
        <import resource="webmvc-config.xml"/>
        <import resource="webflow-config.xml"/>

    </beans>

在上面的配置文件中我们引入了webmvc-config.xml和webflow-config.xml这两个xml文件，webmvc-config.xml是Spring Mvc Bean的配置，webflow-config.xml是Spring Mvc Flow的配置。
首先来看webmvc-config.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="viewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass"
            value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="flowHandlerMapping"
        class="org.springframework.webflow.mvc.servlet.FlowHandlerMapping">
        <property name="flowRegistry" ref="flowRegistry" />
        <property name="defaultHandler">
            <!-- UrlFilenameViewController 会将 "/index" 这样的请求映射成名为 "index" 的视图 -->
            <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.UrlFilenameViewController" />
        </property>

    </bean>
    <bean id="flowHandlerAdapter"
        class="org.springframework.webflow.mvc.servlet.FlowHandlerAdapter">
        <property name="flowExecutor" ref="flowExecutor" />
    </bean>

</beans>

webflow-config.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:webflow="http://www.springframework.org/schema/webflow-config"
    xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/webflow-config
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/webflow-config/spring-webflow-config-2.0.xsd">
    <!-- 装配流程执行期：为用户创建和启动一个流程执行实例，不负责加载流程定义 -->
    <webflow:flow-executor id="flowExecutor" />
    <!-- 配置流程注册表，其功能为：负责加载流程定义 -->
    <!-- 所有 flow的定义文件它的位置在这里进行配置， flow-builder-services 用于配置 flow 的特性 -->
    <webflow:flow-registry id="flowRegistry"
        flow-builder-services="flowBuilderServices">
        <webflow:flow-location path="/WEB-INF/flows/shopping.xml"
            id="shopping" />
        <!-- 在这个声明中，流程注册表会在该path下查找流程定义 -->
    </webflow:flow-registry>
    <!--Web Flow 中的视图通过 MVC 框架的视图技术来呈现 -->
    <webflow:flow-builder-services id="flowBuilderServices"
        view-factory-creator="mvcViewFactoryCreator" />
    <!-- 指明 MVC 框架的 view resolver ，用于通过 view 名查找资源 -->
    <bean id="mvcViewFactoryCreator"
        class="org.springframework.webflow.mvc.builder.MvcViewFactoryCreator">
        <property name="viewResolvers" ref="viewResolver" />
    </bean>
</beans>

接着我们创建了一个shopping.xml文件来定义执行流程：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<flow xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/webflow"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/webflow
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/webflow/spring-webflow-2.0.xsd">
    <!-- view-state中的view对应views文件夹中的jsp页面，on是触发事件，to对应state id -->

    <!-- 根据排在第一位的顺序来执行 -->
    <view-state id="viewCart" view="viewCart">
        <transition on="submit" to="viewOrder">
        </transition>
    </view-state>
    <view-state id="viewOrder" view="viewOrder">
        <transition on="confirm" to="viewConfirmed">
        </transition>
    </view-state>
    <view-state id="viewConfirmed" view="viewConfirmed">
        <transition on="returnToIndex" to="returnToIndex">
        </transition>
    </view-state>
    <end-state id="returnToIndex" view="externalRedirect:/index.jsp">
    </end-state>
</flow>

其中on属性表示触发的事件，to属性是当触发该事件后转向的状态。首先转向viewCart状态，当点击submit后转向viewOrder状态，在该状态下点击confirm则会转移到viewConfirmed状态，依次同理。这里转向的页面是jsp页面，view-state的属性id与jsp文件的名字相对应。（注：其中流程的三个主要元素是：状态，转移和流程数据，具体可参考相关资料）。

viewCart.jsp:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Cart Application</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>View Cart</h1>
    <a href="${flowExecutionUrl}&_eventId=submit">Submit</a>
</body>
</html>

viewOrder.jsp:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Cart Application</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Order Confirmed</h1>
    <a href="${flowExecutionUrl}&_eventId=confirm">Confirm</a>
</body>
</html>
</html>

viewConfirmed.jsp:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
    "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<title>Cart Application</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Order Confirmed</h1>
    <a href="${flowExecutionUrl}&_eventId=confirm">Confirm</a>
</body>
</html>
</html>

上面需要说明的是Spring Web Flow为视图的用户提供了一个flowExecutionUrl变量，它包含了流程的URL,结束链接将一个”_eventId”参数关联到URL上，以便回到Web流程时触发该参数值的事件，直到流程结束。

index.jsp:

<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello!</h1>
    <br />
    <a href="shopping.do">View Cart</a>
</body>
</html>

下面是整个项目的目录结构图：
这里写图片描述

至此我们完成了一个简单的订单支付流程系统，当我们在浏览器上输入localhost:8080/Spring_Web_Flow/shopping.do 时即可进行index.jsp页面，点击事件即可执行流程。
这里写图片描述