【ESP32】WIFI模块开发HTTP控制面板

大执

已于 2025-05-22 17:29:46 修改

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文章标签： python 单片机

于 2025-05-22 17:15:11 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_36707640/article/details/148144708

文章目录

前言
一、实战内容介绍
二、项目简介
三、运行结果
总结

前言

ESP32开发板自带WIFI模块的，本次案例通过串口配置ESP32的WIFI，然后开启HTTTP服务，基于服务发送API接口控制ESP32的GPIO功能。

提示：以下代码都保存于ESP32设备里面，最后通过调用main.py文件循环监听串口和HTTP服务。

一、实战内容介绍

本次实战是用Thonny工具，在ESP32设备新建py文件，项目具备保存WIFI SSID和密码功能，也可以同串口连接查看和更新密码。

二、项目简介

1. 更新Wifi配置

代码如下（示例）：代码为加载和保存wifi 。

import ujson

def save_dict_to_file(data_dict):
    with open("config.json", 'w') as f:
        ujson.dump(data_dict, f)

def load_dict_from_file(filename):
    try:
        with open(filename, 'r') as f:
            return ujson.load(f)
    except:
        return {}  # 文件不存在时返回空字典

2. 串口更新Wifi

通过串口Uart1 发送如下命令更新ESP存储的WIFI。

R_WIFI: 读取当前WIFI配置
W_WIFI_SSID your_ssid: 更新wifi名
W_WIFI_PWD your_password: 更新wifi密码

示例代码如下：

# ESP32 代码：uart_echo.py
from machine import UART
import time
from load_config import load_dict_from_file, save_dict_to_file


def reload_wifi(received_data):
    if "R_WIFI" in received_data:
        wifi_setting = load_dict_from_file('config.json')
        ret = f"SSID: {wifi_setting['SSID']}, PWD: {wifi_setting['PWD']}"
    elif "W_WIFI_SSID" in received_data:
        ssid = received_data.split(' ')[1].strip()
        wifi_setting = load_dict_from_file('config.json')
        wifi_setting['SSID'] = ssid
        save_dict_to_file(wifi_setting)
        ret = "SSID set successful !"
    elif "W_WIFI_PWD" in received_data:
        pwd = received_data.split(' ')[1].strip()
        wifi_setting = load_dict_from_file('config.json')
        wifi_setting['PWD'] = pwd
        save_dict_to_file(wifi_setting)
        ret = "PWD set successful !"
    else:
        pass
    return ret+ '\n'
    
    

def uart1_handler(received):
    """处理串口信息 """
    ret = reload_wifi(received)    
    return ret

3. 处理HTTP接口响应

WIFI连接成功后开启服务，并且接收API响应，代码如下。


import network
import socket
import time
from html_page import get_html_index, get_html_alert
from set_gpio import led_status, set_io_value
import re
import machine


# 处理 HTTP 请求
def handle_request(conn):
    request = conn.recv(1024).decode()  # 接收客户端请求
    print("收到请求:\n", request)
    
    # 解析请求方法（GET/POST）
    if "GET / HTTP/1.1" in request:
        response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n"
        response += get_html_index()
    elif "GET /led/on HTTP/1.1" in request:
        led_status(True)
        response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n"
        response += get_html_index()
    elif "GET /led/off HTTP/1.1" in request:
        led_status(False)
        response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n"
        response += get_html_index()
    elif "GET /gpio/set" in request:
        request = request.split('\n')[0]
        match = re.search(r'pin=(\d+)&state=(\d+)', request)
        if match:
            pin = int(match.group(1))
            state = int(match.group(2))
            set_io_value(pin, state)
        response = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n"
        response += get_html_alert(f"GPIO PIN{pin} SET {state} !")
    elif "GET /restart HTTP/1.1" in request:
        machine.soft_reset()  # 软复位（等同于reset）
        machine.hard_reset()  # 硬复位（部分固件支持）
    else:
        response = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n\r\n"
    
    conn.send(response.encode())  # 发送响应
    conn.close()

# 启动 HTTP 服务器
def start_http_server(sock):
    conn, addr = sock.accept()
    handle_request(conn)

4. main.py

以下是主程序，循环监听串口和HTTP请求。

# ESP32 代码：uart_echo.py
from machine import UART
import time
from connect_wifi import connect_wifi as _connect_wifi
import network
from http_server import start_http_server
from uart_send import uart1_handler
import network
import socket

WIFI_CONNECTED = None

# 配置 Wi-Fi
this_wifi = network.WLAN(network.STA_IF)  # 设置工作站模式
this_wifi.active(True)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    uart = UART(1, baudrate=115200, tx=17, rx=16)
    ret = _connect_wifi(this_wifi)
    if ret[0] is 0:
        WIFI_CONNECTED = True
        print(f"Wifi Connected，IP地址：{ret[1]}")
    else:
        WIFI_CONNECTED = False
        print(ret[1])
    if WIFI_CONNECTED:
        addr = socket.getaddrinfo("0.0.0.0", 80)[0][-1]  # 监听 80 端口
        sock = socket.socket() # 避免被占用，先关闭再打开
        sock.close()
        sock = socket.socket()
        sock.bind(addr)
        sock.listen(5)
        print("HTTP 服务器已启动，访问地址: http://" + network.WLAN(network.STA_IF).ifconfig()[0])
    while True:
        if uart.any():  # 检查是否有数据
            received_data = uart.read().decode('utf-8').strip()
            ret = uart1_handler(received_data)
            uart.write(ret)
        if WIFI_CONNECTED:
            start_http_server(sock)