运行tomcat出现set?JAVA_OPTS 不是内部或外部命令

本文详细解析了Tomcat服务器的启动脚本ctalina.bat,包括环境变量配置、命令选项及执行流程等内容,有助于理解Tomcat如何启动和停止。

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 打开ctalina.bat文件,如果用的是tomcat7.0的话,那么直接用下边这个ctalina.bat文件即可。



@echo off
rem Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
rem contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
rem this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
rem The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
rem (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
rem the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
rem
rem     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
rem
rem Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
rem distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
rem WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
rem See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
rem limitations under the License.


rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
rem Start/Stop Script for the CATALINA Server
rem
rem Environment Variable Prerequisites
rem
rem   Do not set the variables in this script. Instead put them into a script
rem   setenv.bat in CATALINA_BASE/bin to keep your customizations separate.
rem
rem   CATALINA_HOME   May point at your Catalina "build" directory.
rem
rem   CATALINA_BASE   (Optional) Base directory for resolving dynamic portions
rem                   of a Catalina installation.  If not present, resolves to
rem                   the same directory that CATALINA_HOME points to.
rem
rem   CATALINA_OPTS   (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "start",
rem                   "run" or "debug" command is executed.
rem                   Include here and not in JAVA_OPTS all options, that should
rem                   only be used by Tomcat itself, not by the stop process,
rem                   the version command etc.
rem                   Examples are heap size, GC logging, JMX ports etc.
rem
rem   CATALINA_TMPDIR (Optional) Directory path location of temporary directory
rem                   the JVM should use (java.io.tmpdir).  Defaults to
rem                   %CATALINA_BASE%\temp.
rem
rem   JAVA_HOME       Must point at your Java Development Kit installation.
rem                   Required to run the with the "debug" argument.
rem
rem   JRE_HOME        Must point at your Java Runtime installation.
rem                   Defaults to JAVA_HOME if empty. If JRE_HOME and JAVA_HOME
rem                   are both set, JRE_HOME is used.
rem
rem   JAVA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when any command
rem                   is executed.
rem                   Include here and not in CATALINA_OPTS all options, that
rem                   should be used by Tomcat and also by the stop process,
rem                   the version command etc.
rem                   Most options should go into CATALINA_OPTS.
rem
rem   JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS (Optional) Lists of of semi-colon separated directories
rem                   containing some jars in order to allow replacement of APIs
rem                   created outside of the JCP (i.e. DOM and SAX from W3C).
rem                   It can also be used to update the XML parser implementation.
rem                   Defaults to $CATALINA_HOME/endorsed.
rem
rem   JPDA_TRANSPORT  (Optional) JPDA transport used when the "jpda start"
rem                   command is executed. The default is "dt_socket".
rem
rem   JPDA_ADDRESS    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem                   command is executed. The default is 8000.
rem
rem   JPDA_SUSPEND    (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem                   command is executed. Specifies whether JVM should suspend
rem                   execution immediately after startup. Default is "n".
rem
rem   JPDA_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used when the "jpda start"
rem                   command is executed. If used, JPDA_TRANSPORT, JPDA_ADDRESS,
rem                   and JPDA_SUSPEND are ignored. Thus, all required jpda
rem                   options MUST be specified. The default is:
rem
rem                   -agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,
rem                       address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
rem
rem   JSSE_OPTS       (Optional) Java runtime options used to control the TLS
rem                   implementation when JSSE is used. Default is:
rem                   "-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048"
rem
rem   LOGGING_CONFIG  (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging config file
rem                   Example (all one line)
rem                   set LOGGING_CONFIG="-Djava.util.logging.config.file=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
rem
rem   LOGGING_MANAGER (Optional) Override Tomcat's logging manager
rem                   Example (all one line)
rem                   set LOGGING_MANAGER="-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager"
rem
rem   TITLE           (Optional) Specify the title of Tomcat window. The default
rem                   TITLE is Tomcat if it's not specified.
rem                   Example (all one line)
rem                   set TITLE=Tomcat.Cluster#1.Server#1 [%DATE% %TIME%]
rem ---------------------------------------------------------------------------


setlocal


rem Suppress Terminate batch job on CTRL+C
if not ""%1"" == ""run"" goto mainEntry
if "%TEMP%" == "" goto mainEntry
if exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.run"
if not exist "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" goto mainEntry
echo Y>"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
call "%~f0" %* <"%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y"
rem Use provided errorlevel
set RETVAL=%ERRORLEVEL%
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.Y" >NUL 2>&1
exit /B %RETVAL%
:mainEntry
del /Q "%TEMP%\%~nx0.run" >NUL 2>&1


rem Guess CATALINA_HOME if not defined
set "CURRENT_DIR=%cd%"
if not "%CATALINA_HOME%" == "" goto gotHome
set "CATALINA_HOME=%CURRENT_DIR%"
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
cd ..
set "CATALINA_HOME=%cd%"
cd "%CURRENT_DIR%"
:gotHome


if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\catalina.bat" goto okHome
echo The CATALINA_HOME environment variable is not defined correctly
echo This environment variable is needed to run this program
goto end
:okHome


rem Copy CATALINA_BASE from CATALINA_HOME if not defined
if not "%CATALINA_BASE%" == "" goto gotBase
set "CATALINA_BASE=%CATALINA_HOME%"
:gotBase


rem Ensure that any user defined CLASSPATH variables are not used on startup,
rem but allow them to be specified in setenv.bat, in rare case when it is needed.
set CLASSPATH=


rem Get standard environment variables
if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat" goto checkSetenvHome
call "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\setenv.bat"
goto setenvDone
:checkSetenvHome
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat" call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setenv.bat"
:setenvDone


rem Get standard Java environment variables
if exist "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" goto okSetclasspath
echo Cannot find "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat"
echo This file is needed to run this program
goto end
:okSetclasspath
call "%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\setclasspath.bat" %1
if errorlevel 1 goto end


rem Add on extra jar file to CLASSPATH
rem Note that there are no quotes as we do not want to introduce random
rem quotes into the CLASSPATH
if "%CLASSPATH%" == "" goto emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;"
:emptyClasspath
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\bootstrap.jar"


if not "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" == "" goto gotTmpdir
set "CATALINA_TMPDIR=%CATALINA_BASE%\temp"
:gotTmpdir


rem Add tomcat-juli.jar to classpath
rem tomcat-juli.jar can be over-ridden per instance
if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar" goto juliClasspathHome
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_BASE%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
goto juliClasspathDone
:juliClasspathHome
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;%CATALINA_HOME%\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
:juliClasspathDone


if not "%JSSE_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJsseOpts
set JSSE_OPTS="-Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048"
:gotJsseOpts
set "JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %JSSE_OPTS%"


if not "%LOGGING_CONFIG%" == "" goto noJuliConfig
set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Dnop
if not exist "%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties" goto noJuliConfig
set LOGGING_CONFIG=-Djava.util.logging.config.file="%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\logging.properties"
:noJuliConfig
set "JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_CONFIG%"


if not "%LOGGING_MANAGER%" == "" goto noJuliManager
set LOGGING_MANAGER=-Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
:noJuliManager
set "JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% %LOGGING_MANAGER%"


rem ----- Execute The Requested Command ---------------------------------------


echo Using CATALINA_BASE:   "%CATALINA_BASE%"
echo Using CATALINA_HOME:   "%CATALINA_HOME%"
echo Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "%CATALINA_TMPDIR%"
if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto use_jdk
echo Using JRE_HOME:        "%JRE_HOME%"
goto java_dir_displayed
:use_jdk
echo Using JAVA_HOME:       "%JAVA_HOME%"
:java_dir_displayed
echo Using CLASSPATH:       "%CLASSPATH%"


set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJAVA%
set MAINCLASS=org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap
set ACTION=start
set SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=
set DEBUG_OPTS=
set JPDA=


if not ""%1"" == ""jpda"" goto noJpda
set JPDA=jpda
if not "%JPDA_TRANSPORT%" == "" goto gotJpdaTransport
set JPDA_TRANSPORT=dt_socket
:gotJpdaTransport
if not "%JPDA_ADDRESS%" == "" goto gotJpdaAddress
set JPDA_ADDRESS=8000
:gotJpdaAddress
if not "%JPDA_SUSPEND%" == "" goto gotJpdaSuspend
set JPDA_SUSPEND=n
:gotJpdaSuspend
if not "%JPDA_OPTS%" == "" goto gotJpdaOpts
set JPDA_OPTS=-agentlib:jdwp=transport=%JPDA_TRANSPORT%,address=%JPDA_ADDRESS%,server=y,suspend=%JPDA_SUSPEND%
:gotJpdaOpts
shift
:noJpda


if ""%1"" == ""debug"" goto doDebug
if ""%1"" == ""run"" goto doRun
if ""%1"" == ""start"" goto doStart
if ""%1"" == ""stop"" goto doStop
if ""%1"" == ""configtest"" goto doConfigTest
if ""%1"" == ""version"" goto doVersion


echo Usage:  catalina ( commands ... )
echo commands:
echo   debug             Start Catalina in a debugger
echo   debug -security   Debug Catalina with a security manager
echo   jpda start        Start Catalina under JPDA debugger
echo   run               Start Catalina in the current window
echo   run -security     Start in the current window with security manager
echo   start             Start Catalina in a separate window
echo   start -security   Start in a separate window with security manager
echo   stop              Stop Catalina
echo   configtest        Run a basic syntax check on server.xml
echo   version           What version of tomcat are you running?
goto end


:doDebug
shift
set _EXECJAVA=%_RUNJDB%
set DEBUG_OPTS=-sourcepath "%CATALINA_HOME%\..\..\java"
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd


:doRun
shift
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd


:doStart
shift
if "%TITLE%" == "" set TITLE=Tomcat
set _EXECJAVA=start "%TITLE%" %_RUNJAVA%
if not ""%1"" == ""-security"" goto execCmd
shift
echo Using Security Manager
set "SECURITY_POLICY_FILE=%CATALINA_BASE%\conf\catalina.policy"
goto execCmd


:doStop
shift
set ACTION=stop
set CATALINA_OPTS=
goto execCmd


:doConfigTest
shift
set ACTION=configtest
set CATALINA_OPTS=
goto execCmd


:doVersion
%_EXECJAVA% -classpath "%CATALINA_HOME%\lib\catalina.jar" org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
goto end




:execCmd
rem Get remaining unshifted command line arguments and save them in the
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=
:setArgs
if ""%1""=="""" goto doneSetArgs
set CMD_LINE_ARGS=%CMD_LINE_ARGS% %1
shift
goto setArgs
:doneSetArgs


rem Execute Java with the applicable properties
if not "%JPDA%" == "" goto doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurity
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doJpda
if not "%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" == "" goto doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end
:doSecurityJpda
%_EXECJAVA% %JAVA_OPTS% %JPDA_OPTS% %CATALINA_OPTS% %DEBUG_OPTS% -Djava.endorsed.dirs="%JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS%" -classpath "%CLASSPATH%" -Djava.security.manager -Djava.security.policy=="%SECURITY_POLICY_FILE%" -Dcatalina.base="%CATALINA_BASE%" -Dcatalina.home="%CATALINA_HOME%" -Djava.io.tmpdir="%CATALINA_TMPDIR%" %MAINCLASS% %CMD_LINE_ARGS% %ACTION%
goto end


:end

### 解决Tomcat启动时与Java相关的配置问题 当遇到 `startup.bat` 启动 Tomcat 报错提示 Java 不可用的情况时,通常是因为环境变量未正确设置者路径存在问题。以下是可能的原因以及解决方案: #### 1. **检查JAVA_HOME环境变量** 确保系统中已正确设置了 `JAVA_HOME` 环境变量,并指向有效的 JDK 安装目录[^2]。可以通过以下命令验证: ```cmd echo %JAVA_HOME% java -version ``` 如果上述命令返回为空无法识别,则需要重新配置 `JAVA_HOME`。 #### 2. **修改catalina.bat文件** 打开 `%TOMCAT_HOME%/bin/catalina.bat` 文件,在其中找到并确认是否存在 `-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8` 其他编码参数的定义。如果没有,请手动添加该参数以避免中文乱码等问题: ```batch set JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 ``` #### 3. **调整server.xml中的上下文加载属性** 在 `<Context>` 节点下将 `reloadable="true"` 修改为 `reloadable="false"` 可减少不必要的类重载操作,从而降低内存泄漏风险和提高性能: ```xml <Context docBase="DDTService" path="/ddt" reloadable="false" source="org.eclipse.jst.jee.server:DDTService"/> ``` #### 4. **处理EOFException异常** 对于因持久化会话导致的 `IOException while loading persisted sessions` 错误,可尝试删除工作目录下的 session 数据文件夹(通常是 `/work/Catalina/localhost/*`),然后再重启服务[^1]。 #### 5. **防火墙端口开放** 若通过浏览器访问 Tomcat 失败,需核查服务器上的防火墙规则是否允许外部连接至默认端口 (8080),必要时添加相应例外项[^4]: ```bash firewall-cmd --add-port=8080/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload ``` --- ### 提供一段示例脚本用于调试 下面是一个简单的批处理脚本来帮助排查基本配置问题: ```batch @echo off if "%JAVA_HOME%"=="" ( echo ERROR: JAVA_HOME is not set. exit /b 1 ) echo Using JAVA_HOME: %JAVA_HOME% "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\java.exe" -version cd /d %~dp0.. call bin\startup.bat pause ``` 此脚本会在运行前打印当前使用的 `JAVA_HOME` 和其对应的 Java 版本号,便于快速定位缺失依赖的问题。 ---
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