junit测试时，出现java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

课程设计要求进行junit测试，我是在已经做好的ssh项目上做的测试，测试类代码如下

package com.zhang.web.services;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.After;

import org.junit.Before;

import org.junit.Test;

import javax.annotation.Resource;  

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;  

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.AbstractJUnit4SpringCont extTests;

import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;  

import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;  

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  

@ContextConfiguration(locations="classpath:spring-beans.xml")  

public class UserDAOTest extends AbstractJUnit4SpringCont extTests{

@Resource(name="userDAO") 

private UserDAO userDAO;

public void setUserDAO(UserDAO userDAO) {

this.userDAO = userDAO;

}

@Before

public void setUp() throws Exception {

}

@After

public void tearDown() throws Exception {

}

@Test

public void testFindUser() {

assertEquals(userDAO.findUser(0),null);

}

}

运行测试时，出现如下错误

SEVERE: Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestE xecutionListener@a15856] to prepare test instance [com.zhang.web.services.UserDAOTest@aea288]

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

at org.springframework.test.context.TestContext.getApplicationContext(TestContext.java:157)

at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestE xecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestE xecutionListener.java:109)

at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestE xecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestE xecutionListener.java:75)

at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321)

at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)

at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)

at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)

at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:284)

at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)

at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:88)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:231)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:60)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:229)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:50)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:222)

at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallba cks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallba cks.java:61)

at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbac ks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbac ks.java:71)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:300)

at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)

at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)

at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)

at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:467)

at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:683)

at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:390)

at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:197)

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanDefinitionStoreExcep tion: IOException parsing XML document from class path resource [spring-beans.xml]; nested exception is java.io.FileNotFoundException: class path resource [spring-beans.xml] cannot be opened because it does not exist

解决办法是，把spring-beans.xml配置文件复制到src目录下。

问题原因：本人一直认为eclipse的classpath包括web-inf目录，其实不然。我们可以打开web项目下的.classpath文件，其内容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<classpath>

<classpathentry kind="src" path="src"/>

<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.launching.JRE_CONTAINER/org.eclipse.jdt.internal.debug.ui.launcher.StandardVMType/jre7">

<attributes>

<attribute name="owner.project.facets" value="java"/>

</attributes>

</classpathentry>

<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jst.server.core.container/org.eclipse.jst.server.tomcat.runtimeTarget/Apache Tomcat v7.0">

<attributes>

<attribute name="owner.project.facets" value="jst.web"/>

</attributes>

</classpathentry>

<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jst.j2ee.internal.module.container"/>

<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.USER_LIBRARY/spring3"/>

<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.USER_LIBRARY/struts"/>

<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.USER_LIBRARY/hibernate"/>

<classpathentry kind="con" path="org.eclipse.jdt.junit.JUNIT_CONTAINER/4"/>

<classpathentry kind="output" path="build/classes"/>

</classpath>

在这，我们并没有看到类路径包含web-inf目录。

假如我们往里边添加<classpathentry kind="src" path="WebContent/WEB-INF"/>

再重启eclipse，你会发现以上出现的问题不存在了，test类成功运行。