RabbitMQ（六）之Exchange 交换机

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-10 12:30:59 发布

Eternal1125

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-10 12:30:59 发布

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分类专栏： RabbitMQ

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_36306590/article/details/86029995

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本文深入探讨了RabbitMQ中的四种交换机类型：Direct、Topic、Fanout和Headers，详细解析了每种类型的特性、应用场景及如何在生产者和消费者之间实现消息的精准路由。

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一、Exchange

Exchange：接收消息，并根据路由键转发消息所绑定的队列。
在这里插入图片描述
生产者产生消息，把消息投递到交换机上，并且根据路由键把消息绑定到相对应的队列上。消费者从队列里面取得消息进行处理。

二、属性

Name：交换机名称
Type:交换机类型 direct、topic、fanout、headers
Durability：是否持久化 true为持久化
Auto Delect：当最后一个绑定到Exchange上的队列删除后，自动删除Exchange
Internal：当前Exchange是否用于RabbitMQ内部使用，默认false
Arguments：扩展参数，用于扩展AMQP协议自制定义化使用

三、Direct Exchange

所有发送到Direct Exchange的消息被转发到RouteKey 中指定的Queue，转发消息的Direct Exchange 的RouteKey必须和指定的Queue中的一致，否则不能发送到Queue。Direct模式可以使用RabbitMQ自带的Exchange：default Exchange，所以不需要讲Exchange进行任何的BinDing操作，消息传递时，RouteKey必须完全一致才会被队列接受，否则该消息会被抛弃。
在这里插入图片描述
生产者

 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1、 创建连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        // RabbitMQ服务IP
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        // RabbitMQ服务端口
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        // 选择VirtualHost
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        Connection connection;
        Channel channel;
        try {
            //2、 通过工厂创建连接
            connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
            //3、通过连接创建Channel
            channel = connection.createChannel();

            //交换机名称
            String exchangeName = "test.direct";
            //路由键
            String routingKey = "te01_direct";
            AMQP.BasicProperties basicProperties = null;
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                String body = "Producer:"+i;
                //发送消息
                channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, basicProperties, body.getBytes());
            }

            // 按顺序关闭连接
            channel.close();
            connection.close();


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

消费者

public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1、 创建连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        // RabbitMQ服务IP
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        // RabbitMQ服务端口
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        // 选择VirtualHost
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        try {
            //2、 通过工厂创建连接
            Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

            //3、通过连接创建Channel
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            //4、创建队列
            String queueName = "te01_direct";//队列名称

            //交换机类型：direct
            String exchangeType = "direct";
            String exchangeName = "test.direct";
            //路由键
            String routingKey = "te01_direct";

            //声明Exchange
            channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName,exchangeType,true,false,false,null);
            //声明队列
            channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
            //路由器绑定队列
            channel.queueBind(queueName,exchangeName,routingKey);
            //5、创建消费者
            QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
            //6、配置channel
            channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);

            while (true) {
                QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
                String body = new String(delivery.getBody());
                System.out.println("消费者：" + body);
            }


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

源码下载

四、Topic Exchange

所有发送到Topic Exchange的消息被转发到所有关心的RoutingKey中指定的Topic的Queue上。
Exchange 将RoutingKey和某个Topic进行模糊匹配，此时队列需要绑定一个Topic。
匹配符号：

#：匹配一个或多个词
*：匹配一个词

例：
test.# 可以匹配 test.info、test.info.1、test.info.2
test.* 只可以匹配 test.info、test.error
在这里插入图片描述

生产者

 public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1、 创建连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        // RabbitMQ服务IP
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        // RabbitMQ服务端口
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        // 选择VirtualHost
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        Connection connection;
        Channel channel;
        try {
            //2、 通过工厂创建连接
            connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
            //3、通过连接创建Channel
            channel = connection.createChannel();

            //交换机名称
            String exchangeName = "test.topic";
            //路由键
            String routingKey1 = "te01.topic.01";
            String routingKey2 = "te01.topic.02";
            String routingKey3 = "te01.topic.03";
            String routingKey4 = "te01.topic.03.04";
            AMQP.BasicProperties basicProperties = null;

                String body = "Producer:";
                //发送消息
                channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey1, basicProperties, routingKey1.getBytes());
                channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey2, basicProperties, routingKey2.getBytes());
                channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey3, basicProperties, routingKey3.getBytes());
                channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey4, basicProperties, routingKey4.getBytes());


            // 按顺序关闭连接
            channel.close();
            connection.close();


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

消费者

 public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1、 创建连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        // RabbitMQ服务IP
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        // RabbitMQ服务端口
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        // 选择VirtualHost
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        try {
            //2、 通过工厂创建连接
            Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

            //3、通过连接创建Channel
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            //4、创建队列
            String queueName = "te01_topic";//队列名称

            //交换机类型：direct
            String exchangeType = "topic";

            String exchangeName = "test.topic";
            //路由键
            String routingKey = "te01.topic.*";

            //声明Exchange
            channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName,exchangeType,true,false,false,null);
            //声明队列
            channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
            //路由器绑定队列
            channel.queueBind(queueName,exchangeName,routingKey);
            //5、创建消费者
            QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
            //6、配置channel
            channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);

            while (true) {
                QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
                String body = new String(delivery.getBody());
                System.out.println("消费者：" + body);
            }


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
       
    }

源码下载

五、Fanout Exchange

不处理任何路由键，直接将队列绑定到交换机上。发送到交换机的消息都会被绑定到与该交换机绑定的队列上。

生产者

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        //1、 创建连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        // RabbitMQ服务IP
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        // RabbitMQ服务端口
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        // 选择VirtualHost
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        Connection connection;
        Channel channel;
        try {
            //2、 通过工厂创建连接
            connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
            //3、通过连接创建Channel
            channel = connection.createChannel();

            //交换机名称
            String exchangeName = "test.fanout";
            //路由键
            String routingKey = "";
            AMQP.BasicProperties basicProperties = null;
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                String body = "Producer:"+i;
                //发送消息
                channel.basicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, basicProperties, body.getBytes());
            }

            // 按顺序关闭连接
            channel.close();
            connection.close();


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

消费者

public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1、 创建连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
        // RabbitMQ服务IP
        connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
        // RabbitMQ服务端口
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        // 选择VirtualHost
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");

        try {
            //2、 通过工厂创建连接
            Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();

            //3、通过连接创建Channel
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            //4、创建队列
            String queueName = "te01_fanout";//队列名称

            //交换机类型：direct
            String exchangeType = "fanout";
            String exchangeName = "test.fanout";
            //路由键
            String routingKey = "";

            //声明Exchange
            channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName,exchangeType,true,false,false,null);
            //声明队列
            channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
            //路由器绑定队列
            channel.queueBind(queueName,exchangeName,routingKey);
            //5、创建消费者
            QueueingConsumer queueingConsumer = new QueueingConsumer(channel);
            //6、配置channel
            channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, queueingConsumer);

            while (true) {
                QueueingConsumer.Delivery delivery = queueingConsumer.nextDelivery();
                String body = new String(delivery.getBody());
                System.out.println("消费者：" + body);
            }


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TimeoutException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

源码下载