Spring面向切面编程(AOP)--Day3

本文深入讲解了面向切面编程(AOP)的概念,包括切点、通知和切面等核心要素,对比了Schema-based和AspectJ两种AOP实现方式,并通过实例演示了前置通知、后置通知、异常通知及环绕通知的配置与应用。

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一:AOP

1:在程序原有的纵向执行流程中,针对某一个或者一些方法添加通知,形成横切面的过程就是切面编程。

2:常用概念

(1):原有功能:切点,pointcut

(2):前置通知:在切点之前执行的功能before advice

(3):后置通知:在切点后执行的功能after advice

(4):如果切点执行过程中出现异常,会触发异常通知throws advice

(5):所有功能总称叫做切面

(6):织入:把切面嵌入到原有功能中叫做织入

3:两种AOP方式

(1)Schema-based

(a):每个通知都需要实现接口和类

(b):配置Spring配置文件时在<aop:config>配置

(2):AspectJ

(a):每个通知不需要实现接口和类

(b):配置Spring配置文件是在<aop:config>的子标签<aop:aspect>配置

 

二:Schema-based的实现

1:前置通知和后置通知

(1):新建包advice,在advice包下新建类MyAfterAdvice

package advice;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import org.springframework.aop.AfterReturningAdvice;

public class MyAfterAdvice implements AfterReturningAdvice{

	/**
	 * arg0:切点方法返回值
	 * arg1:切点方法对象
	 * arg2:切点方法参数
	 * arg3:切点方法所在类的对象
	 */
	@Override
	public void afterReturning(Object arg0, Method arg1, Object[] arg2, Object arg3) throws Throwable {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("执行后置通知");
	}
	
}

(2):在advice包下新建类MyBeforeAdvice类

package advice;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import org.springframework.aop.MethodBeforeAdvice;

public class MyBeforeAdvice implements MethodBeforeAdvice{

	/**
	 * arg0:切点方法对象Method对象
	 * arg1:切点方法参数
	 * arg2:切点在哪个对象中
	 */
	@Override
	public void before(Method arg0, Object[] arg1, Object arg2) throws Throwable {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("执行前置通知");
	}
	

}

(3):src下新建test包,在test包下新建类Demo

package test;

public class Demo {
	public void demo1() {
		System.out.println("我是Demo类的方法demo1()");
	}
	public void demo2() {
		System.out.println("我是Demo类的方法demo2()");
	}
	public void demo3() {
		System.out.println("我是Demo类的方法demo3()");
	}
}

(4)在src目录下新建applicationContext.xml,并配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

	<!-- 配置demo类,测试使用 -->
	<bean id="demo" class="test.Demo"></bean>
	<!-- 配置通知类对象,在切面中引入 -->
	<bean id="mybefore" class="advice.MyBeforeAdvice"></bean>
	<bean id="myafter" class="advice.MyAfterAdvice"></bean>
	<!-- 配置切面 -->
	<aop:config>
		<!-- 配置切点 -->
		<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* test.Demo.demo2())" id="mypoint1"/>
		<!-- 通知 -->
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="mybefore" pointcut-ref="mypoint1"/>
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="myafter" pointcut-ref="mypoint1"/>
	</aop:config>
</beans>

(5):src下新建mainTest包,mainTest包下新建MainTest类并运行

package mainTest;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import test.Demo;

public class MainTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		Demo demo=ac.getBean("demo",Demo.class);
		demo.demo1();
		demo.demo2();
		demo.demo3();
	}
}

2:异常通知

(1)在advice包下新建MyThrow类

package advice;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import org.springframework.aop.ThrowsAdvice;

public class MyThrow implements ThrowsAdvice{
	/**
	 * 两个方法只能出现一个
	 * @param ex
	 * @throws Throwable
	 */
//	public void afterThrowing(Method m,Object[] args,Object targer,Exception ex) {
//		System.out.println("执行异常通知schema-base方式");
//	}
	public void afterThrowing(Exception ex) throws Throwable{
		System.out.println("执行异常通知schema-base方式");
	}
}

(2):在applicationContext.xml更新配置如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

	<!-- 配置demo类,测试使用 -->
	<bean id="demo" class="test.Demo"></bean>
	<!-- 配置通知类对象,在切面中引入 -->
	<bean id="mybefore" class="advice.MyBeforeAdvice"></bean>
	<bean id="myafter" class="advice.MyAfterAdvice"></bean>
	<!-- 配置切面 -->
	<aop:config>
		<!-- 配置切点 -->
		<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* test.Demo.demo2())" id="mypoint1"/>
		<!-- 通知 -->
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="mybefore" pointcut-ref="mypoint1"/>
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="myafter" pointcut-ref="mypoint1"/>
	</aop:config>
	
	<!-- 配置异常通知类对象,在切面中引入 -->
	<bean id="mythrow" class="advice.MyThrow"></bean>
	<aop:config>
		<!-- 配置切点 -->
		<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* test.Demo.demo1())" id="mypoint2"/>
		<!-- 通知 -->
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="mythrow" pointcut-ref="mypoint2"/>
	</aop:config>
</beans>

(3):当Demo类的demo1()方法出现异常时,将执行MyThrow异常通知

3:环绕通知

(1):在advice包下新建MyAround类

package advice;

import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor;
import org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInvocation;

public class MyAround implements MethodInterceptor{
	@Override
	public Object invoke(MethodInvocation arg0) throws Throwable {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("环绕-前置");
		Object result=arg0.proceed();
		System.out.println("环绕-后置");
		return result;
	}
}

(2):在applicationContext.xml中更新配置如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

	<!-- 配置demo类,测试使用 -->
	<bean id="demo" class="test.Demo"></bean>
	<!-- 配置通知类对象,在切面中引入 -->
	<bean id="mybefore" class="advice.MyBeforeAdvice"></bean>
	<bean id="myafter" class="advice.MyAfterAdvice"></bean>
	<!-- 配置切面 -->
	<aop:config>
		<!-- 配置切点 -->
		<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* test.Demo.demo2())" id="mypoint1"/>
		<!-- 通知 -->
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="mybefore" pointcut-ref="mypoint1"/>
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="myafter" pointcut-ref="mypoint1"/>
	</aop:config>
	
	<!-- 配置异常通知类对象,在切面中引入 -->
	<bean id="mythrow" class="advice.MyThrow"></bean>
	<aop:config>
		<!-- 配置切点 -->
		<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* test.Demo.demo1())" id="mypoint2"/>
		<!-- 通知 -->
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="mythrow" pointcut-ref="mypoint2"/>
	</aop:config>
	
	<!-- 配置环绕通知类对象,在切面中引入 -->
	<bean id="myaround" class="advice.MyAround"></bean>
	<aop:config>
		<!-- 配置切点 -->
		<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* test.Demo.demo3())" id="mypoint3"/>
		<!-- 通知 -->
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="myaround" pointcut-ref="mypoint3"/>
	</aop:config>
</beans>

(3):运行MainTest类,结果如下

 三:AspectJ方式(新建一个项目)

1:异常通知

(1):新建包advice,在advice包下新建类MyThrowAdvice

package advice;

public class MyThrowAdvice {
	public void myException(Exception e1) {
		System.out.println("执行异常通知"+e1.getMessage());
	}
}

(2):新建包test,在test包下新建类Demo类

package test;

public class Demo {
	public void demo1() {
		System.out.println("我是Demo类的方法demo1()");
	}
	public void demo2() {
		System.out.println("我是Demo类的方法demo2()");
	}
	public void demo3() {
		System.out.println("我是Demo类的方法demo3()");
	}
}

(3):新建包mainTest,在mainTest包下新建MainTest类

package mainTest;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import test.Demo;

public class MainTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		Demo demo=ac.getBean("demo",Demo.class);
		demo.demo1();
		demo.demo2();
		demo.demo3();
	}
}

(4):在src目录下新建配置文件applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

	<!-- 配置demo类,测试使用 -->
	<bean id="demo" class="test.Demo"></bean>
	<!-- 配置异常通知类 -->
	<bean id="mythrow" class="advice.MyThrowAdvice"></bean>
	<aop:config>
		<aop:aspect ref="mythrow">
            <!-- 配置切点 -->
			<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* test.Demo.demo1())" id="mypoint1"/>
			<aop:after-throwing method="myException" pointcut-ref="mypoint1" throwing="e1"/>
		</aop:aspect>
	</aop:config>
</beans>

(5):执行MainTest当Demo类的demo1()方法异常时,会触发异常通知

2:环绕通知

(1):advice包下新建MyAroundAdvice类

package advice;

import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;

public class MyAroundAdvice {
	public void myBefore1(){
		System.out.println("前置1");
	}
	public void myBefore2(){
		System.out.println("前置2");
	}
	public void myAfter1(){
		System.out.println("后置1");
	}
	public void myAfter2(){
		System.out.println("后置2");
	}
	public void myThrow(){
		System.out.println("异常");
	}
	public Object myAround(ProceedingJoinPoint p) throws Throwable {
		System.out.println("执行环绕");
		System.out.println("环绕前置");
		Object result=p.proceed();
		System.out.println("环绕后置");
		return result;
	}
}

(2):更新applicationContext.xml的配置信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

	<!-- 配置demo类,测试使用 -->
	<bean id="demo" class="test.Demo"></bean>
	<!-- 配置异常通知类 -->
	<bean id="mythrow" class="advice.MyThrowAdvice"></bean>
	<aop:config>
		<aop:aspect ref="mythrow">
			<!-- 配置切点 -->
			<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* test.Demo.demo1())" id="mypoint1"/>
			<aop:after-throwing method="myException" pointcut-ref="mypoint1" throwing="e1"/>	
		</aop:aspect>
	</aop:config>
	<!-- 配置通知类 -->
	<bean id="myaround" class="advice.MyAroundAdvice"></bean>
	<aop:config>
		<aop:aspect ref="myaround">
		<!-- 配置切点 -->
			<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* test.Demo.demo1())" id="mypoint1"/>
			<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* test.Demo.demo2())" id="mypoint2"/>
			<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* test.Demo.demo3())" id="mypoint3"/>
			<!-- 配置前置通知 -->
			<aop:before method="myBefore1" pointcut-ref="mypoint1"/>
			<aop:before method="myBefore2" pointcut-ref="mypoint2"/>
			<!-- 配置后置通知 -->
			<aop:after method="myAfter1" pointcut-ref="mypoint1"/>
			<!-- <aop:after-throwing/> 异常时执行-->
			<!-- 后置通知,切点正确执行时执行 -->
			<aop:after-returning method="myAfter2" pointcut-ref="mypoint2"/>
			<!-- 配置环绕通知 -->
			<aop:around method="myAround" pointcut-ref="mypoint3"/>
		</aop:aspect>
	</aop:config>
</beans>

(3):运行MainTest类,结果如下

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