本文介绍如何在JavaWeb的Maven项目中引入POI依赖，实现Excel的导入导出功能。通过IDEA创建项目，配置pom.xml，添加POI依赖。详细展示了Excel导入工具类的实现，包括读取表头、数据内容，以及导出数据到Excel的全过程。
利用idea创建java web的maven项目，在pom中添加对poi的jar的依赖。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.hand</groupId>
<artifactId>excel-data</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>excel-data Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
<artifactId>poi</artifactId>
<version>3.14</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>excel-data</finalName>
</build>
</project>
web.xml中配置下后续导出时，所需要的servlet映射信息：
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>TestServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/TestServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
Excel导入工具类实现：
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author jiaqing.xu@hand-china.com
* @version 1.0
* @name
* @description 读取并解析excel
* @date 2017/10/19
*/
public class ImportExcel {
private POIFSFileSystem fs;
private HSSFWorkbook wb;
private HSSFSheet sheet;
private HSSFRow row;
/**
* 读取Excel表格表头的内容
* @param is
* @return String 表头内容的数组
*/
public String[] readExcelTitle(InputStream is) {
try {
fs = new POIFSFileSystem(is);
wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
//得到首行的row
row = sheet.getRow(0);
// 标题总列数
int colNum = row.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
String[] title = new String[colNum];
for (int i = 0; i < colNum; i++) {
title[i] = getCellFormatValue(row.getCell((short) i));
}
return title;
}
/**
* 读取Excel数据内容
* @param is
* @return Map 包含单元格数据内容的Map对象
*/
public Map<Integer, String> readExcelContent(InputStream is) {
Map<Integer, String> content = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
String str = "";
try {
fs = new POIFSFileSystem(is);
wb = new HSSFWorkbook(fs);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
// 得到总行数
int rowNum = sheet.getLastRowNum();
//由于第0行和第一行已经合并了 在这里索引从2开始
row = sheet.getRow(2);
int colNum = row.getPhysicalNumberOfCells();
// 正文内容应该从第二行开始,第一行为表头的标题
for (int i = 2; i <= rowNum; i++) {
row = sheet.getRow(i);
int j = 0;
while (j < colNum) {
str += getCellFormatValue(row.getCell((short) j)).trim() + "-";
j++;
}
content.put(i, str);
str = "";
}
return content;
}
/**
* 获取单元格数据内容为字符串类型的数据
*
* @param cell Excel单元格
* @return String 单元格数据内容
*/
private String getStringCellValue(HSSFCell cell) {
String strCell = "";
switch (cell.getCellType()) {
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
strCell = cell.getStringCellValue();
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
strCell = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
strCell = String.valueOf(cell.getBooleanCellValue());
break;
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK:
strCell = "";
break;
default:
strCell = "";
break;
}
if (strCell.equals("") || strCell == null) {
return "";
}
if (cell == null) {
return "";
}
return strCell;
}
/**
* 获取单元格数据内容为日期类型的数据
*
* @param cell
* Excel单元格
* @return String 单元格数据内容
*/
private String getDateCellValue(HSSFCell cell) {
String result = "";
try {
int cellType = cell.getCellType();
if (cellType == HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC) {
Date date = cell.getDateCellValue();
result = (date.getYear() + 1900) + "-" + (date.getMonth() + 1)
+ "-" + date.getDate();
} else if (cellType == HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING) {
String date = getStringCellValue(cell);
result = date.replaceAll("[年月]", "-").replace("日", "").trim();
} else if (cellType == HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_BLANK) {
result = "";
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("日期格式不正确!");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
/**
* 根据HSSFCell类型设置数据
* @param cell
* @return
*/
private String getCellFormatValue(HSSFCell cell) {
String cellvalue = "";
if (cell != null) {
// 判断当前Cell的Type
switch (cell.getCellType()) {
// 如果当前Cell的Type为NUMERIC
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA: {
// 判断当前的cell是否为Date
if (HSSFDateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
Date date = cell.getDateCellValue();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
cellvalue = sdf.format(date);
}
// 如果是纯数字
else {
// 取得当前Cell的数值
cellvalue = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());
}
break;
}
// 如果当前Cell的Type为STRIN
case HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
// 取得当前的Cell字符串
cellvalue = cell.getRichStringCellValue().getString();
break;
// 默认的Cell值
default:
cellvalue = " ";
}
} else {
cellvalue = "";
}
return cellvalue;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 对读取Excel表格标题测试
InputStream is = new FileInputStream("d:\\test2.xls");
ImportExcel excelReader = new ImportExcel();
String[] title = excelReader.readExcelTitle(is);
System.out.println("获得Excel表格的标题:");
for (String s : title) {
System.out.print(s + " ");
}
System.out.println();
// 对读取Excel表格内容测试
InputStream is2 = new FileInputStream("d:\\test2.xls");
Map<Integer, String> map = excelReader.readExcelContent(is2);
System.out.println("获得Excel表格的内容:");
//这里由于xls合并了单元格需要对索引特殊处理
for (int i = 2; i <= map.size()+1; i++) {
System.out.println(map.get(i));
}
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("未找到指定路径的文件!");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
将Excel中的数据通过后台程序维护到一个Map集合中，再利用String的split方法以“-”进行分割，得到单个的值，如果想要将这批数据插入到数据库，则去实例化对象的dto，再给dto对应属性赋值，最终写sql再insert到表中。
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.IndexedColors;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author jiaqing.xu@hand-china.com
* @version 1.0
* @name
* @description
* @date 2017/10/19
*/
public class ExportExcel {
/**
* 显示的导出表的标题
*/
private String title;
/**
* 导出表的列名
*/
private String[] columnName;
/**
* 需要导出的数据集合
*/
private List<Object[]> dataList = new ArrayList<Object[]>();
/**
* 输入流对象
*/
private HttpServletRequest request;
/**
* 输出流对象
*/
private HttpServletResponse response;
/**
*
* @param title
* @param columnName
* @param dataList
* @param request
* @param response
* @description 构造方法，传入要导出的数据
*/
public ExportExcel(String title, String[] columnName, List<Object[]> dataList,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) {
this.dataList = dataList;
this.columnName = columnName;
this.title = title;
this.request = request;
this.response= response;
}
/**
* @param
* @return
* @author jiaqing.xu@hand-china.com
* @date 2017/10/19 13:21
* @description 导出数据到excel
*/
public void export() throws Exception {
try {
HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); // 创建工作簿对象
HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet(title); // 创建工作表
// 产生表格标题行
HSSFRow rowm = sheet.createRow(0);
HSSFCell cellTiltle = rowm.createCell(0);
//设置标题和单元格样式
HSSFCellStyle columnTopStyle = this.getColumnTopStyle(workbook); //获取列头样式对象
HSSFCellStyle style = this.getStyle(workbook); //单元格样式对象
//合并单元格
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0, 1, 0, (columnName.length - 1)));
cellTiltle.setCellStyle(columnTopStyle);
cellTiltle.setCellValue(title);
// 定义所需列数
int columnNum = columnName.length;
HSSFRow rowRowName = sheet.createRow(2); // 在索引2的位置创建行(最顶端的行开始的第二行)
// 将列头设置到sheet的单元格中
for (int n = 0; n < columnNum; n++) {
HSSFCell cellRowName = rowRowName.createCell(n); //创建列头对应个数的单元格
cellRowName.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING); //设置列头单元格的数据类型
HSSFRichTextString text = new HSSFRichTextString(columnName[n]);
cellRowName.setCellValue(text); //设置列头单元格的值
cellRowName.setCellStyle(columnTopStyle); //设置列头单元格样式
}
//将查询出的数据设置到sheet对应的单元格中
for (int i = 0; i < dataList.size(); i++) {
Object[] obj = dataList.get(i);//遍历每个对象
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(i + 3);//创建所需的行数
for (int j = 0; j < obj.length; j++) {
HSSFCell cell = null; //设置单元格的数据类型
//第一列为数字类型并设置单元格的值
if (j == 0) {
cell = row.createCell(j, HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
cell.setCellValue(i + 1);
} else {
//其他列为字符串类型并设置单元格的值
cell = row.createCell(j, HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
if (!"".equals(obj[j]) && obj[j] != null) {
cell.setCellValue(obj[j].toString());
}
}
cell.setCellStyle(style); //设置单元格样式
}
}
//让列宽随着导出的列长自动适应
for (int colNum = 0; colNum < columnNum; colNum++) {
int columnWidth = sheet.getColumnWidth(colNum) / 256;
for (int rowNum = 0; rowNum < sheet.getLastRowNum(); rowNum++) {
HSSFRow currentRow;
//当前行未被使用过
if (sheet.getRow(rowNum) == null) {
currentRow = sheet.createRow(rowNum);
} else {
currentRow = sheet.getRow(rowNum);
}
if (currentRow.getCell(colNum) != null) {
//取得当前的单元格
HSSFCell currentCell = currentRow.getCell(colNum);
//如果当前单元格类型为字符串
if (currentCell.getCellType() == HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING) {
int length = currentCell.getStringCellValue().getBytes().length;
if (columnWidth < length) {
//将单元格里面值大小作为列宽度
columnWidth = length;
}
}
}
}
//再根据不同列单独做下处理
if (colNum == 0) {
sheet.setColumnWidth(colNum, (columnWidth - 2) * 256);
} else {
sheet.setColumnWidth(colNum, (columnWidth + 4) * 256);
}
}
if (workbook != null) {
try {
String fileName = "Excel-" + String.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()).substring(4, 13) + ".xls";
String headStr = "attachment; filename=\"" + fileName + "\"";
response.setContentType("APPLICATION/OCTET-STREAM");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", headStr);
OutputStream out1 = response.getOutputStream();
workbook.write(out1);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* @param
* @return
* @author jiaqing.xu@hand-china.com
* @date 2017/10/19 13:31
* @description 标题行的单元格样式
*/
public HSSFCellStyle getColumnTopStyle(HSSFWorkbook workbook) {
// 设置字体
HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
//设置字体大小
font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 11);
//字体加粗
font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
//设置字体名字
font.setFontName("Courier New");
//设置样式;
HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
style.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.BLUE.getIndex());
//设置底边框;
style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
//设置底边框颜色;
style.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);
//设置左边框;
style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
//设置左边框颜色;
style.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);
//设置右边框;
style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
//设置右边框颜色;
style.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);
//设置顶边框;
style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
//设置顶边框颜色;
style.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);
//在样式用应用设置的字体;
style.setFont(font);
//设置自动换行;
style.setWrapText(false);
//设置水平对齐的样式为居中对齐;
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
//设置垂直对齐的样式为居中对齐;
style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
return style;
}
/**
* @param
* @return
* @author jiaqing.xu@hand-china.com
* @date 2017/10/19 13:31
* @description 列数据信息单元格样式
*/
public HSSFCellStyle getStyle(HSSFWorkbook workbook) {
// 设置字体
HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
//设置字体大小
//font.setFontHeightInPoints((short)10);
//字体加粗
//font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
//设置字体名字
font.setFontName("Courier New");
//设置样式;
HSSFCellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
//设置底边框;
style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
//设置底边框颜色;
style.setBottomBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);
//设置左边框;
style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
//设置左边框颜色;
style.setLeftBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);
//设置右边框;
style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
//设置右边框颜色;
style.setRightBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);
//设置顶边框;
style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
//设置顶边框颜色;
style.setTopBorderColor(HSSFColor.BLACK.index);
//在样式用应用设置的字体;
style.setFont(font);
//设置自动换行;
style.setWrapText(false);
//设置水平对齐的样式为居中对齐;
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
//设置垂直对齐的样式为居中对齐;
style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
return style;
}
}
用于测试导出的Servlet程序：
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @author jiaqing.xu@hand-china.com
* @version 1.0
* @name
* @description
* @date 2017/10/19
*/
@WebServlet(name = "TestServlet")
public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String title = "货运单据导出";
String[] columnName = new String[]{"序号","num1","num2"};
List<Object[]> dataList = new ArrayList<Object[]>();
Object[] objs;
for (int i = 0; i <2; i++) {
objs = new Object[columnName.length];
objs[0] = i;
objs[1] = "1";
objs[2] = "2";
dataList.add(objs);
}
//实例化工具类
ExportExcel ex = new ExportExcel(title, columnName, dataList,request,response);
try {
//导出excel
ex.export();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(request,response);
}
}
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