在Centos安装php7扩展fileinfo

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本文详细记录了在CentOS Linux 7.4环境下，使用PHP 7.2.4版本安装Laravel中的mews/captcha验证码扩展包遇到的问题及解决过程，包括因缺少fileinfo扩展导致的安装失败，以及如何手动编译安装fileinfo扩展，并最终成功安装captcha扩展。

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php安装fileinfo扩展
今天安装laravel mews/captcha来实现 Laravel 中的验证码功能。
我的系统环境

CentOS Linux 7.4.1708
PHP 7.2.4

没想到居然安装不上，具体如下

[root@VM_0_4_centos larabbs]# composer require mews/captcha
Using version ^2.1 for mews/captcha
./composer.json has been updated
Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies (including require-dev)
Your requirements could not be resolved to an installable set of packages.

Problem 1
  - mews/captcha 2.1.0 requires intervention/image ~2.2 -> satisfiable by intervention/image[2.2.0, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.3.0, 2.3.1, 2.3.10, 2.3.11, 2.3.12, 2.3.13, 2.3.14, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4, 2.3.5, 2.3.6, 2.3.7, 2.3.8, 2.3.9, 2.4.0, 2.4.1].
  - mews/captcha 2.1.7 requires intervention/image ~2.2 -> satisfiable by intervention/image[2.2.0, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.3.0, 2.3.1, 2.3.10, 2.3.11, 2.3.12, 2.3.13, 2.3.14, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4, 2.3.5, 2.3.6, 2.3.7, 2.3.8, 2.3.9, 2.4.0, 2.4.1].
  - mews/captcha 2.1.8 requires intervention/image ~2.2 -> satisfiable by intervention/image[2.2.0, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.3.0, 2.3.1, 2.3.10, 2.3.11, 2.3.12, 2.3.13, 2.3.14, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4, 2.3.5, 2.3.6, 2.3.7, 2.3.8, 2.3.9, 2.4.0, 2.4.1].
  - mews/captcha v2.1.1 requires intervention/image ~2.2 -> satisfiable by intervention/image[2.2.0, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.3.0, 2.3.1, 2.3.10, 2.3.11, 2.3.12, 2.3.13, 2.3.14, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4, 2.3.5, 2.3.6, 2.3.7, 2.3.8, 2.3.9, 2.4.0, 2.4.1].
  - mews/captcha v2.1.2 requires intervention/image ~2.2 -> satisfiable by intervention/image[2.2.0, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.3.0, 2.3.1, 2.3.10, 2.3.11, 2.3.12, 2.3.13, 2.3.14, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4, 2.3.5, 2.3.6, 2.3.7, 2.3.8, 2.3.9, 2.4.0, 2.4.1].
  - mews/captcha v2.1.3 requires intervention/image ~2.2 -> satisfiable by intervention/image[2.2.0, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.3.0, 2.3.1, 2.3.10, 2.3.11, 2.3.12, 2.3.13, 2.3.14, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4, 2.3.5, 2.3.6, 2.3.7, 2.3.8, 2.3.9, 2.4.0, 2.4.1].
  - mews/captcha v2.1.4 requires intervention/image ~2.2 -> satisfiable by intervention/image[2.2.0, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.3.0, 2.3.1, 2.3.10, 2.3.11, 2.3.12, 2.3.13, 2.3.14, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4, 2.3.5, 2.3.6, 2.3.7, 2.3.8, 2.3.9, 2.4.0, 2.4.1].
  - mews/captcha v2.1.5 requires intervention/image ~2.2 -> satisfiable by intervention/image[2.2.0, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.3.0, 2.3.1, 2.3.10, 2.3.11, 2.3.12, 2.3.13, 2.3.14, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4, 2.3.5, 2.3.6, 2.3.7, 2.3.8, 2.3.9, 2.4.0, 2.4.1].
  - mews/captcha v2.1.6 requires intervention/image ~2.2 -> satisfiable by intervention/image[2.2.0, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.3.0, 2.3.1, 2.3.10, 2.3.11, 2.3.12, 2.3.13, 2.3.14, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4, 2.3.5, 2.3.6, 2.3.7, 2.3.8, 2.3.9, 2.4.0, 2.4.1].
  - intervention/image 2.4.1 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.4.0 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.9 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.8 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.7 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.6 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.5 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.4 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.3 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.2 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.14 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.13 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.12 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.11 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.10 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.1 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.3.0 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.2.2 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.2.1 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - intervention/image 2.2.0 requires ext-fileinfo * -> the requested PHP extension fileinfo is missing from your system.
  - Installation request for mews/captcha ^2.1 -> satisfiable by mews/captcha[2.1.0, 2.1.7, 2.1.8, v2.1.1, v2.1.2, v2.1.3, v2.1.4, v2.1.5, v2.1.6].

To enable extensions, verify that they are enabled in your .ini files:
  - /www/server/php/71/etc/php.ini
You can also run `php --ini` inside terminal to see which files are used by PHP in CLI mode.

Installation failed, reverting ./composer.json to its original content.

之后才知道是因为没有安装php扩展fileinfo的原因，那么下面就来安装一下：
首先查找fileinfo源码放在哪里

[root@VM_0_4_centos larabbs]# find / -name fileinfo
/www/server/php/72/src/ext/fileinfo

进入目录

cd /www/server/php/72/src/ext/fileinfo

phpize是编译PHP扩展的工具，主要是根据系统信息生成对应的configure文件
开始扩展的安装：

[root@VM_0_4_centos fileinfo]# find / -name phpize
/usr/bin/phpize
/www/server/php/71/bin/phpize
/www/server/php/72/src/scripts/phpize
/www/server/php/72/bin/phpize

初始化扩展安装

[root@VM_0_4_centos fileinfo]# /www/server/php/72/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version:         20170718
Zend Module Api No:      20170718
Zend Extension Api No:   320170718

生成编译配置

[root@VM_0_4_centos fileinfo]# ./configure --with-php-config=/www/server/php/72/bin/php-congig
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /usr/bin/sed
checking for cc... cc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether cc accepts -g... yes
checking for cc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E
checking for icc... no
checking for suncc... no
checking whether cc understands -c and -o together... yes
checking for system library directory... lib
checking if compiler supports -R... no
checking if compiler supports -Wl,-rpath,... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure: error: Cannot find php-config. Please use --with-php-config=PATH
[root@VM_0_4_centos fileinfo]# ./configure --with-php-config=/www/server/php/72/bin/php-config
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /usr/bin/grep
checking for egrep... /usr/bin/grep -E
checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /usr/bin/sed
checking for cc... cc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether cc accepts -g... yes
checking for cc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E
checking for icc... no
checking for suncc... no
checking whether cc understands -c and -o together... yes
checking for system library directory... lib
checking if compiler supports -R... no
checking if compiler supports -Wl,-rpath,... yes
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for PHP prefix... /www/server/php/72
checking for PHP includes... -I/www/server/php/72/include/php -I/www/server/php/72/include/php/main -I/www/server/php/72/include/php/TSRM -I/www/server/php/72/include/php/Zend -I/www/server/php/72/include/php/ext -I/www/server/php/72/include/php/ext/date/lib
checking for PHP extension directory... /www/server/php/72/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20170718
checking for PHP installed headers prefix... /www/server/php/72/include/php
checking if debug is enabled... no
checking if zts is enabled... no
checking for re2c... no
configure: WARNING: You will need re2c 0.13.4 or later if you want to regenerate PHP parsers.
checking for gawk... gawk
checking for fileinfo support... yes, shared
checking for strcasestr... yes
checking for utimes... yes
checking for strndup... yes
checking for ld used by cc... /usr/bin/ld
checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes
checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r
checking for BSD-compatible nm... /usr/bin/nm -B
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking dlfcn.h usability... yes
checking dlfcn.h presence... yes
checking for dlfcn.h... yes
checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 1572864
checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from cc object... ok
checking for objdir... .libs
checking for ar... ar
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking for strip... strip
checking if cc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... no
checking for cc option to produce PIC... -fPIC
checking if cc PIC flag -fPIC works... yes
checking if cc static flag -static works... no
checking if cc supports -c -o file.o... yes
checking whether the cc linker (/usr/bin/ld -m elf_x86_64) supports shared libraries... yes
checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... no
checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so
checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate
checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes
checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build static libraries... no

creating libtool
appending configuration tag "CXX" to libtool
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating config.h

编译并安装

[root@VM_0_4_centos larabbs]# make && make install

然后修改php.ini文件，找到下面这一行

;extension=fileinfo

分号去掉即可,然后安装 mews/captcha 扩展包

[root@VM_0_4_centos larabbs]# composer require mews/captcha
Do not run Composer as root/super user! See https://getcomposer.org/root for details
Using version ^2.1 for mews/captcha
./composer.json has been updated
Loading composer repositories with package information
Updating dependencies (including require-dev)
Package operations: 4 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals
  - Installing psr/http-message (1.0.1): Downloading (100%)
  - Installing guzzlehttp/psr7 (1.4.2): Downloading (100%)
  - Installing intervention/image (2.4.1): Downloading (100%)
  - Installing mews/captcha (2.1.8): Downloading (100%)
intervention/image suggests installing ext-imagick (to use Imagick based image processing.)
intervention/image suggests installing intervention/imagecache (Caching extension for the Intervention Im)
Writing lock file
Generating optimized autoload files
> Illuminate\Foundation\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump
> @php artisan package:discover
Discovered Package: fideloper/proxy
Discovered Package: intervention/image
Discovered Package: laravel/tinker
Discovered Package: mews/captcha
Package manifest generated successfully.

或者指定版本安装

 composer require "mews/captcha:~2.0"

如果报如下问题：

PHP Fileinfo extension must be installed/enabled to use Intervention Image

请重启php

[root@VM_0_4_centos larabbs]# service php-fpm-72 restart
Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done
Starting php-fpm  done

作者：阿耀王子
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/5107a9349726
來源：简书
简书著作权归作者所有，任何形式的转载都请联系作者获得授权并注明出处。