Linux:如何更新Ubuntu的数据源

[linux]如何更新Ubuntu的数据源

　　为何要更新数据源？国外的数据源，除了速度慢这个次要因素，更可怕的是有些链接根本不通，导致用户既没有下载东西，也没有看到实质性提示；潜在的危险就是编译错误不能定位，严重时甚至重装系统。本文介绍几个国内有用的源，必要的时候可以更新。

1 更新方法

• 1）用root用户登入，没有root用户密码？先建一个吧：

〉〉〉sudo passwd root
〉〉〉su
〉〉〉输入密码：..
〉〉〉cd /etc/apt

• 2）更新源文件

〉〉〉cp sources.list sources.list.bak   #备份旧源
〉〉〉sudo gedit  sources.list

2 将下文的源粘贴进去

注意：下文的6个数据源挑选一个即可，粘贴多个！！

存盘后，用更新指令：

〉〉〉apt-get update
以后就可以用了

3 源1--163源

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

4 源2 --东北大学

deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted deb-src http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb http://mirror.neu.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

5 源3 --清华大学

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

6 源4 -- 阿里源

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted #Added by software-properties deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse #Added by software-properties deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partner deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe #Added by software-properties deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

 

出现如下错误：

root@ubuntu:/etc/apt# apt-get update
E: Could not get lock /var/lib/apt/lists/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to lock directory /var/lib/apt/lists/
E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
 

出现这个问题的原因可能是有另外一个程序正在运行，导致资源被锁不可用。而导致资源被锁的原因，可能是上次安装时没正常完成，而导致出现此状况。

解决方法：输入以下命令

sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

之后再安装想装的包，即可解决

 

 

今天玩ubuntu的时候，在弄更新源的时候，突然出现以下错误：

[1]+ Stopped                 sudo apt-get update
haiquan@haiquan-desktop:~$ sudo apt-get update
E: Could not get lock /var/lib/apt/lists/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)
E: Unable to lock the list directory

开始以为是权限不够，就是用 sudo apt-get update,发现还是报错，问题没有解决。于是上网搜索了一下，答案如下：

问题应该是之前那个更新被强制取消的问题，进程仍然还在。用这个命令查看一下：

ps -e | grep apt

显示结果如下：

6362 ? 00:00:00 apt

6934 ? 00:00:00 apt-get

7368 ? 00:00:00 synaptic

然后就执行

sudo killall apt

sudo killall apt-get

sudo killall synaptic

再次在终端里查看ps -e | grep apt 没有任何结果了

继续执行sudo apt-get update

OK！

 

 

 

原因：刚装好的Ubantu系统，内部缺少很多软件源，这时，系统会自动启动软件源更新进程“apt-get”，并且它会一直存活。由于它在运行时，会占用软件源更新时的系统锁（以下称“系统更新锁”，此锁文件在“/var/lib/apt/lists/”目录下），而当有新的apt-get进程生成时，就会因为得不到系统更新锁而出现"E: 无法获得锁 /var/lib/apt/lists/lock - open (11: Resource temporarily unavailable)"错误提示！因此，我们只要将原先的apt-get进程杀死，从新激活新的apt-get进程，就可以让新立德软件管理器正常工作了！

这时，你可以按一下步骤来解决：
1、输入以下命令：“ps -aux  > temp.txt”.敲回车确定。这时会有“warning”出现，但不予理会。
2、输入以下命令：“grep -n apt-get temp.txt”键入回车确定。而后从命令输出中找到 apt-get 进程的PID。
3、输入以下命令：“sudo kill <PID>”。
4、完成。

or

如果提示错误:E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (11 Resource temporarily unavailable) 
输入

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock
即可
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版权声明：本文为优快云博主「楚小狂」的原创文章，遵循CC 4.0 by-sa版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接及本声明。
原文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/zyxlinux888/article/details/6358615