Python雪花算法生成不重复的id

原创已于 2022-11-04 09:51:32 修改 · 850 阅读

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#python #flask #开发语言

于 2022-11-04 09:51:03 首次发布

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本文介绍了一种基于Twitter的Snowflake算法实现的64位ID生成器，该生成器能够确保分布式环境下生成的ID唯一，并且具备良好的排序特性。文章详细解释了ID组成部分及其分配原则，并提供了完整的Python实现代码。

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以下代码可直接复制使用

import time
import logging

class InvalidSystemClock(Exception):
    """
    时钟回拨异常
    """
    pass

# 64位ID的划分
WORKER_ID_BITS = 5
DATACENTER_ID_BITS = 5
SEQUENCE_BITS = 12

# 最大取值计算
MAX_WORKER_ID = -1 ^ (-1 << WORKER_ID_BITS)  # 2**5-1 0b11111
MAX_DATACENTER_ID = -1 ^ (-1 << DATACENTER_ID_BITS)

# 移位偏移计算
WOKER_ID_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS
DATACENTER_ID_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS + WORKER_ID_BITS
TIMESTAMP_LEFT_SHIFT = SEQUENCE_BITS + WORKER_ID_BITS + DATACENTER_ID_BITS

# 序号循环掩码
SEQUENCE_MASK = -1 ^ (-1 << SEQUENCE_BITS)

# Twitter元年时间戳
TWEPOCH = 1288834974657


logger = logging.getLogger('flask.app')


class IdWorker(object):
    """
    用于生成IDs
    """

    def __init__(self, datacenter_id, worker_id, sequence=0):
        """
        初始化
        :param datacenter_id: 数据中心（机器区域）ID
        :param worker_id: 机器ID
        :param sequence: 其实序号
        """
        # sanity check
        if worker_id > MAX_WORKER_ID or worker_id < 0:
            raise ValueError('worker_id值越界')

        if datacenter_id > MAX_DATACENTER_ID or datacenter_id < 0:
            raise ValueError('datacenter_id值越界')

        self.worker_id = worker_id
        self.datacenter_id = datacenter_id
        self.sequence = sequence

        self.last_timestamp = -1  # 上次计算的时间戳

    def _gen_timestamp(self):
        """
        生成整数时间戳
        :return:int timestamp
        """
        return int(time.time() * 1000)

    def get_id(self):
        """
        获取新ID
        :return:
        """
        timestamp = self._gen_timestamp()

        # 时钟回拨
        if timestamp < self.last_timestamp:
            logging.error('clock is moving backwards. Rejecting requests until {}'.format(self.last_timestamp))
            raise InvalidSystemClock

        if timestamp == self.last_timestamp:
            self.sequence = (self.sequence + 1) & SEQUENCE_MASK
            if self.sequence == 0:
                timestamp = self._til_next_millis(self.last_timestamp)
        else:
            self.sequence = 0

        self.last_timestamp = timestamp

        new_id = ((timestamp - TWEPOCH) << TIMESTAMP_LEFT_SHIFT) | (self.datacenter_id << DATACENTER_ID_SHIFT) | \
                 (self.worker_id << WOKER_ID_SHIFT) | self.sequence
        return new_id

    def _til_next_millis(self, last_timestamp):
        """
        等到下一毫秒
        """
        timestamp = self._gen_timestamp()
        while timestamp <= last_timestamp:
            timestamp = self._gen_timestamp()
        return timestamp


if __name__ == '__main__':
    worker = IdWorker(1, 2, 0)
    print(worker.get_id())

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