Spring入门篇：使用Spring利用注解进行AOP面向切面编程_testexecutionlisteners is not present for class-优快云博客

本文介绍了Spring中的AOP概念，作为面向对象编程的补充，AOP通过切面来模块化横切关注点，如事务管理。Spring的AOP框架提供了强大的中间件解决方案。文章详细阐述了使用注解进行AOP开发的过程，包括配置pom.xml，编写application.xml，定义增强代码，创建目标对象，并给出了测试代码。同时，针对出现的错误，提供了修改建议和完整的项目代码。

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1. 基本概念

面向切面编程（AOP）提供另外一种角度来思考程序结构，通过这种方式弥补了面向对象编程（OOP）的不足。除了类（classes）以外，AOP提供了切面。切面对关注点进行模块化，例如横切多个类型和对象的事务管理。（这些关注点术语通常称作横切（crosscutting）关注点。）

Spring的一个关键的组件就是 AOP框架。尽管如此，Spring IoC容器并不依赖于AOP，这意味着你可以自由选择是否使用AOP，AOP提供强大的中间件解决方案，这使得Spring IoC容器更加完善。

2. 开发过程

配置pom.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>dynamic</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-beans -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-aop -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/aopalliance/aopalliance -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
            <artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
            <version>1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>3.0.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
            <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
            <version>1.6.11</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/junit/junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

注意：

在这里插入图片描述
2. 配置application.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
    <context:component-scan base-package="aspect,service" />
</beans>

自定义的增强代码

package aspect;

import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@Aspect
public class MyAspect {

    @Before("execution(* service..*(..))")
    public void before(){
        System.out.println("开始测试");
    }
    @After("execution(* service..*(..))")
    public void afterReturning(){
        System.out.println("结束测试");
    }
}

目标对象

package service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service("userservice")
public class UserServiceImpl {

    public void addUser(){
        System.out.println("添加用户");
    }

    public void deleteUser(){
        System.out.println("删除用户");
    }
}

测试代码

package test;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import service.UserServiceImpl;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:application.xml")
public class Test {
    @Autowired
    UserServiceImpl user;

    @org.junit.Test
    public void test() {
        user.addUser();
        user.deleteUser();
    }
}

项目结构

在这里插入图片描述

3. 报错处理

@TestExecutionListeners is not present for class [class test.Test]: using defaults.

在这里插入图片描述
如下修改：

在这里插入图片描述

代码：

@TestExecutionListeners( { DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class })
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:application.xml")
public class Test {

4. 完整代码

package service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service("userservice")
public class UserServiceImpl {

    public void addUser(){
        System.out.println("添加用户");
    }

    public void deleteUser(){
        System.out.println("删除用户");
    }
}

package aspect;

import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@Aspect
public class MyAspect {
    //定义切入点
    @Pointcut("execution(* service..*(..))")
    public void pointCut(){

    }

    @Before("pointCut()")
    public void before(){
        System.out.println("开始测试");
    }
    @After("pointCut()")
    public void afterReturning(){
        System.out.println("结束测试");
    }
}

package test;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListeners;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener;
import service.UserServiceImpl;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

@TestExecutionListeners( { DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.class })
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = "classpath:application.xml")
public class Test {
    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Test.class);

    @Autowired
    UserServiceImpl user;

    @org.junit.Test
    public void test() {
        logger.debug("------------");
        user.addUser();
        logger.debug("------------添加完成------------");
        user.deleteUser();
        logger.debug("------------删除完成---------");
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd">
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy />
    <context:component-scan base-package="aspect,service" />
</beans>