本文探讨了在七张牌游戏中找出最佳五张牌组合的算法实现，利用Python的itertools库来生成所有可能的手牌组合，并通过排序选出最优解。此外，还介绍了如何处理包含百搭牌（Jokers）的情况。
Winning Poker Hands
Problem Set 1
视频链接：
Problem Set 1 - Udacity
1. Seven Card Stud
补充知识：itertools.combinations(iterable, r)
combinations(iterable, r)方法，创建一个迭代器，返回iterable中所有长度为r的子序列，返回的子序列中的项按输入iterable中的顺序排序 (不带重复)
>>> from itertools import combinations
>>> combinations('ABCD', 2)
<itertools.combinations object at 0x7f3e6dd81050>
>>> for item in combinations('ABCD', 2):
... print item
...
('A', 'B')
('A', 'C')
('A', 'D')
('B', 'C')
('B', 'D')
('C', 'D')1手牌(a hand)里面有7张牌(7 cards)，返回最好的5张牌的1手牌(the best 5 card hand)。
# CS 212, hw1-1: 7-card stud
#
# -----------------
# User Instructions
#
# Write a function best_hand(hand) that takes a seven
# card hand as input and returns the best possible 5
# card hand. The itertools library has some functions
# that may help you solve this problem.
#
# -----------------
# Grading Notes
#
# Muliple correct answers will be accepted in cases
# where the best hand is ambiguous(含糊的) (for example, if
# you have 4 kings and 3 queens, there are three best
# hands: 4 kings along with any of the three queens).
import itertools
def best_hand(hand):
"From a 7-card hand, return the best 5 card hand."
"""
先谈下我的思路：
从7张牌中，取出任意5章牌，
所有的任意5张牌的情况，全部遍历，
比较所有的hand_rank(hand为5张牌)的情况，
返回最大的hand_rank值。
不知道能不能写出来代码，先把思路列出来。
貌似算法效率有点低。
result = []
for i in range(7):
hand2 = hand[:]
hand2.pop(i)
for j in range(6):
hand3 = hand[:]
hand3.pop(j)
result.append(hand_rank(hand))
return max(result)
按理说，我的代码的逻辑是没问题的，但是测试不通过。。
print best_hand("6C 7C 8C 9C TC 5C JS".split())的输出是
(0, [11, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5])
WTF!!!
"""
# 还是来看看Peter的代码吧。。
'''
Peter的思路跟我的差不多，
首先，生成7张牌的所有的5张牌的组合
(使用了itertools.combinations方法)，
然后，按照key=hand_rank排序。
'''
return max(itertools.combinations(hand, 5), key=hand_rank)
# ------------------
# Provided Functions
#
# You may want to use some of the functions which
# you have already defined in the unit to write
# your best_hand function.
def hand_rank(hand):
"Return a value indicating the ranking of a hand."
ranks = card_ranks(hand)
if straight(ranks) and flush(hand):
return (8, max(ranks))
elif kind(4, ranks):
return (7, kind(4, ranks), kind(1, ranks))
elif kind(3, ranks) and kind(2, ranks):
return (6, kind(3, ranks), kind(2, ranks))
elif flush(hand):
return (5, ranks)
elif straight(ranks):
return (4, max(ranks))
elif kind(3, ranks):
return (3, kind(3, ranks), ranks)
elif two_pair(ranks):
return (2, two_pair(ranks), ranks)
elif kind(2, ranks):
return (1, kind(2, ranks), ranks)
else:
return (0, ranks)
def card_ranks(hand):
"Return a list of the ranks, sorted with higher first."
ranks = ['--23456789TJQKA'.index(r) for r, s in hand]
ranks.sort(reverse = True)
return [5, 4, 3, 2, 1] if (ranks == [14, 5, 4, 3, 2]) else ranks
def flush(hand):
"Return True if all the cards have the same suit."
suits = [s for r,s in hand]
return len(set(suits)) == 1
def straight(ranks):
"""Return True if the ordered
ranks form a 5-card straight."""
return (max(ranks)-min(ranks) == 4) and len(set(ranks)) == 5
def kind(n, ranks):
"""Return the first rank that this hand has
exactly n-of-a-kind of. Return None if there
is no n-of-a-kind in the hand."""
for r in ranks:
if ranks.count(r) == n: return r
return None
def two_pair(ranks):
"""If there are two pair here, return the two
ranks of the two pairs, else None."""
pair = kind(2, ranks)
lowpair = kind(2, list(reversed(ranks)))
if pair and lowpair != pair:
return (pair, lowpair)
else:
return None
def test_best_hand():
assert (sorted(best_hand("6C 7C 8C 9C TC 5C JS".split()))
== ['6C', '7C', '8C', '9C', 'TC'])
# 5C 6C 7C 8C 9C TC JS，返回了
# 6到J的同花顺。
assert (sorted(best_hand("TD TC TH 7C 7D 8C 8S".split()))
== ['8C', '8S', 'TC', 'TD', 'TH'])
# 3带1对儿，返回了
# 较大的那1对儿，并且
# 似乎对花色进行了排序
assert (sorted(best_hand("JD TC TH 7C 7D 7S 7H".split()))
== ['7C', '7D', '7H', '7S', 'JD'])
# 4个7加1对儿10，再加1张J，返回了
# 4个7加1张J，并且
# 似乎对花色进行了排序
return 'test_best_hand passes'
print test_best_hand()2. Jokers Wild
jokers n.纸牌中可当任何点数用的一张（金山词霸）
关于Peter的解法的一点预备知识：product函数。
对map的复习：
map(func, alist)是对一个列表alist中的每1个元素，应用函数func，返回新的列表。
>>> def f(x):
... return x + 1
...
>>> map(f, [55, 66, 88])
[56, 67, 89]## Poker Homework 1, problem 2: Jokers
## Deck adds two cards:
## '?B': black joker; can be used as any black card (S or C)
## '?B': black joker; 可以被用作任何黑色的卡牌(S或者C)
## '?R': red joker; can be used as any red card (H or D)
## '?R': red joker；可以被用作任何红色的卡牌(H或者D)
allranks = '23456789TJQKA'
redcards = [r+s for r in allranks for s in 'DH']
blackcards = [r+s for r in allranks for s in 'SC']
def best_wild_hand()hand:
"Try all values for jokers in all 5-card selections."
# Peter的答案
hands = set(best_hand(h)
for h in itertools.product(*map(replacements, hand)))
'''map(replacements, hand)做了什么？
它是对一手牌hand中的每1张牌card，应用了replacements函数，
返回每1张卡牌的可能的情况的1个列表。
如果card不是1个joker，这个列表会是1。
(我的理解是，原样返回一个列表[hand])
如果card是1个joker，这个列表会是所有的red cards或者black cards。
'''
return max(hand, key=hand_rank)
def replacements(card):
"""Return a list of the possible replacements for a card.
There will be more than 1 only for wild cards."""
'''
如果card是black joker，即'?B',
则返回前面定义的blackcards列表
'''
if card == '?B': return blackcards
'''
如果card是red joker，即'?R',
则返回前面定义的redcards列表
'''
elif card =='?R': return redcards
'''
如果都不是，则原样返回[card]。
'''
else: return [card]
def test_best_wild_hand():
assert (sorted(best_wild_hand("6C 7C 8C 9C TC 5C ?B".split()))
== ['7C', '8C', '9C', 'JC', 'TC'])
assert (sorted(best_wild_hand("TD TC 5H 7C 7D ?R ?B".split()))
== ['7C', 'TC', 'TD', 'TH', 'TS'])
assert (sorted(best_wild_hand("TD TC TH 7C 7D 7S 7H".split()))
== ['7C', '7D', '7H', '7S', 'TD'])
return 'test_best_wild_card passes'
print test_best_wild_hand()
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