django基本建模指导

qq_33411994

于 2021-09-10 13:02:57 发布

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分类专栏： django 文章标签： django mysql 数据库

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_33411994/article/details/120219643

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本文详细介绍了如何使用Django框架结合MySQL数据库进行项目创建、模型设计、数据库配置、模型迁移以及在admin后台注册和管理模型。步骤包括创建Django项目和应用、配置MySQL数据库、初始化数据模型、执行数据库迁移、在admin中注册模型以及创建超级管理员。此外，还涉及URL路由、视图和模板HTML的设置。

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参考链接：
https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/laikaikai/article/details/80563387?utm_medium=distribute.wap_relevant.none-task-blog-2_defaultbaidujs_baidulandingword~default-0.wap_blog_relevant_pic
在这里插入图片描述
1.创建项目和app
django-admin startproject fuxin
python manage.py startapp fxpreson

2.1数据库模型设计
#fxperson/models.py

from django.db import models


class Person(models.Model):
    '''人员表'''

    gender = (
        ('male','男'),
        ('female','女'),
    )

    姓名 = models.CharField(max_length=128,unique=True)
    性别 = models.CharField(max_length=32,choices=gender,default='男')
    职位 = models.CharField(max_length=256)
    照片 = models.ImageField(blank=True,upload_to='photo')
    邮箱 = models.EmailField(unique=True)
    个人简介 = models.CharField(max_length=256,blank=True)
    c_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.姓名

    class Meta:
        ordering = ['c_time']
        verbose_name = '人员'
        verbose_name_plural = '人员'

2.2.设置数据库为Mysql
在settings.py修改

DATABASES = {
‘default’: {
‘ENGINE’: ‘django.db.backends.mysql’,
‘NAME’: ‘django’, #数据库名字
‘USER’: ‘root’, #账号
‘PASSWORD’: ‘123456’, #密码
‘HOST’: ‘127.0.0.1’, #IP
‘PORT’: ‘3306’, #端口
}

2.3在app里的init.py里面导入pymysql模块

#fxperson/init.py

 
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

2.4注册app
INSTALLED_APPS = [
‘django.contrib.admin’,
‘django.contrib.auth’,
‘django.contrib.contenttypes’,
‘django.contrib.sessions’,
‘django.contrib.messages’,
‘django.contrib.staticfiles’,
‘fxperson’,
]

2.5迁移到mysql数据库，迁移完成后可以在mysql通过sql命令查看到相关数据
python manage.py makemigrations

python manage.py migrate

3.1.在admin中注册模型,每个app都有一个admin管理后台
#fxperson/admin.py

from django.contrib import admin
from . import models
admin.site.register(models.User)

3.2.创建超级管理员,可通过页面登录该账户管理后台数据
python manage.py createsuperuser

4.1url路由
#fuxin/urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from fxperson import personviews

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^person/', personviews.person),
]

4.2视图
#fxperson/personviews.py

from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from .models import Person

def person(request):
    if not request.session.get('is_login', None):
        return redirect("/index/")
    if request.session.get('is_login', None):
        nid = request.GET.get('nid')
        list_show = []
        list_manager = ()
        list_develop = ()
        list_test = ()
        list_support = ()
        obj = Person.objects.all().values()
        for i in obj:
            del i['id']
            del i['c_time']
        for i in obj:
            if i['职位'] == 'CEO' or i['职位'] == '总经理':
                list_manager = list(list_manager)
                list_manager.append(i)
            elif '开发' in i['职位']:
                list_develop = list(list_develop)
                list_develop.append(i)
            elif  '测试' in i['职位']:
                list_test = list(list_test)
                list_test.append(i)
            else:
                list_support = list(list_support)
                list_support.append(i)

        if nid == '1':
            list_show.extend(list_manager)
        elif nid == '2':
            list_show.extend(list_develop)
        elif nid == '3':
            list_show.extend(list_test)
        else:
            list_show.extend(list_support)
        print(nid)
        print(list_manager)
        print(list_develop)
        print(list_test)
        print(list_support)
        print(list_show)

        return render(request,'fxperson/person.html',{'o':list_show})

4.3templates模板html
#/fxperson/templates/fxperson/base.html

{% load staticfiles %}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
  <head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
    <!-- 上述3个meta标签*必须*放在最前面，任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后！ -->
    <title>{% block title %}base{% endblock %}</title>
 
    <!-- Bootstrap -->
    <link href="{% static 'bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/css/bootstrap.min.css' %}" rel="stylesheet">
 
    <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->
    <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// -->
    <!--[if lt IE 9]>
      <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script>
      <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>
    <![endif]-->
    {% block css %}{% endblock %}
  </head>
  <body>
    <nav class="navbar navbar-default">
      <div class="container-fluid">
        <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
        <div class="navbar-header">
          <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#my-nav" aria-expanded="false">
            <span class="sr-only">切换导航条</span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            <span class="icon-bar"></span>
          </button>
          <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">富欣</a>
        </div>
        <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
        <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="my-nav">
        <div style="max-width:1000px;margin:0 auto;">
         <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
            <li class="active"><a href="/index/">首页</a></li>
            <li class="active"><a href="/resource/">资源信息</a></li>
            <li class="active"><a href="/person/">人员信息</a></li>
            <li class="active"><a href="/product/">产品信息</a></li>
          </ul>
         </div>
          <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
              {% if request.session.is_login %}
                  <li><a href="#">当前在线：{{ request.session.user_name }}</a></li>
                  <li><a href="/logout/">登出</a></li>
              {% else %}
                  <li><a href="/login/">登录</a></li>
                  <li><a href="/register/">注册</a></li>
              {% endif %}
          </ul>
        </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
      </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
    </nav>

    {% block content %}{% endblock %}


    <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) -->
    <script src="{% static 'js/jquery-3.2.1.js' %}"></script>
    <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed -->
    <script src="{% static 'bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js' %}"></script>
    <div id="footer" style="clear:both;text-align:center;">
Copyright © 2021,xxxxxx,All rights reserved. 电话：021-60792553</div>
  </body>
</html>

                                            
#/fxperson/templates/fxperson/person.html

```html
{% extends 'login/base.html' %}
{% block title %}人员信息{% endblock %}
{% block content %}
    {% if request.session.is_login %}
    <h6>你好,{{ request.session.user_name }}！欢迎回来！</h6>
    <div style="max-width:1000px;margin:0 auto;">
        <h4 style="margin-bottom:0;">人员信息</h4><br>
        <div id="menu" style="float:left;">
        <a href="/person/?nid=1"><span style="color:#000000">管理团队</span></a><br><br>
        <a href="/person/?nid=2"><span style="color:#000000">开发团队</span></a><br><br>
        <a href="/person/?nid=3"><span style="color:#000000">测试团队</span></a><br><br>
        <a href="/person/?nid=4"><span style="color:#000000">后勤团队</span></a><br><br>
        </div>
        <div id="content" style="float:left;font-size:14px;text-indent:28px;">
        <a href="/person/"></a>
            {% for row in o %}
                {% for key,value in row.items %}
                    {% if  key != '照片' %}
                        <p>{{ key }}:{{ value }}</p>
                    {% elif  key == '照片' and value == '' %}
                        <p>{{ key }}:{{ value }}</p>
                    {% elif  key == '照片' and value != '' %}
                        <p>{{ key }}:</p>
                        <p style="margin-bottom:20px;"><img src="/media/{{value}}" width=100 height=100></p>
                    {% endif %}
                {% endfor %}
                <br>
            {% endfor %}
        </div>
        </div>
    {% else %}
    <h6>你尚未登录，只能访问公开内容！</h6>
    {% endif %}
{% endblock %}