nginx添加缓存模块

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-19 00:07:23 发布

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#nginx缓存 #nginx配置缓存 #nginx添加cache #nginx配置缓存例子 #nginx配置缓存失败问题

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使用nginx转发后端静态资源的时候，可以在nginx端配置缓存，提高访问速度，经过一系列的摸爬滚打，终于摸清楚了整个脉络。记录如下：
接前文的nginx基础上：

cd /usr/local/src 
sudo wget http://labs.frickle.com/files/ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz
sudo tar -zxvf ngx_cache_purge-2.3.tar.gz
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V //此步骤查看nginx安装了哪些模块

如下可以看到已安装的模块

  --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid --add-module=/home/emeet/nginx-upstream-fair-master --with-http_ssl_module

继续编译安装缓存模块

cd /usr/local/nginx-1.15.10

在此目录下执行

sudo ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx  --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid  --add-module=/home/emeet/nginx-upstream-fair-master --add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_cache_purge-2.3  --with-http_ssl_module

可以看到对比此前已安装的模块，加入了–add-module=/usr/local/src/ngx_cache_purge-2.3

sudo make

老规矩，先备份原有二进制文件

cp /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx     /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.bak

然后更新文件

sudo cp objs/nginx /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx

接下来新建2个目录，用来存放nginx的缓存文件
sudo mkdir -p /home/emeet/proxy_temp_path
sudo mkdir -p /home/emeet/proxy_cache_path

然后来修改nginx.conf文件
首先在http中添加：

   #创建缓存的时候可能生成一些临时文件存放的位置
   proxy_temp_path   /home/emeet/proxy_temp_path;
   #设置Web缓存区名称为cache_one,内存缓存空间大小为200M,缓存的数据超过1天没有被访问就自动清除;访问的缓存数据,硬盘	   缓存空间大小为5G
   proxy_cache_path  /home/emeet/proxy_cache_path  levels=1:2   keys_zone=cache_one:200m inactive=1d max_size=5g;
   proxy_headers_hash_max_size 51200;
   proxy_headers_hash_bucket_size 6400;
   proxy_buffering on;
   proxy_buffer_size 128k;
   proxy_buffers 32 128k;
   proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
   proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;

然后配置http

 location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|png|htm|html|css|js|flv|ico|swf)$ 
        {
        proxy_pass   https://webserver;
       proxy_redirect          off;
       proxy_ignore_headers X-Accel-Expires Expires Cache-Control Set-Cookie;
       proxy_hide_header Cache-Control;
       proxy_hide_header Set-Cookie;
       proxy_connect_timeout   180;
       proxy_send_timeout      180;
       proxy_read_timeout      180;
       proxy_cache cache_one;
       proxy_cache_valid 200 304 1h;
       proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
       proxy_cache_valid any 1h;
       proxy_cache_key $uri$is_args$args;
       proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating;
       proxy_cache_min_uses 1;
       proxy_cache_revalidate on;
       proxy_cache_methods GET HEAD POST;//缓存请求类型
       add_header  Nginx-Cache $upstream_cache_status; //增加http头，可在浏览器访问时候观察缓存命中情况。MISS未命中，HIT命中，有5种状态
       expires 1d;
       }

在这里插入图片描述

启动nginx后访问多次页面，可以去缓存文件夹中可以看到生成文件，
在这里插入图片描述
清除缓存的方式：

location ~ /purge(/.*)
	{
        #设置只允许指定的IP或IP段才可以清除URL缓存。
	allow            all;
	proxy_cache_purge    cache_one   $1$is_args$args;
       }

我这里设定的是所有ip都可以清除缓存
http://域名+purge+静态资源相对路径来清除静态资源缓存

例如,在浏览器地址栏输入
http://www.baidu.com/purge/resources/app/css/product.css

即可清除在nginx服务器缓存的静态文件
由于文件太多，可以手动清除缓存文件夹下的所有文件，企业版的nginx可以一个命令清除所有缓存。
最后贴上我完整的nging.conf文件,还有很多测试的内容可以删除。还有一些用法和参数的意义有待优化和改进，继续学习.


#user  nobody;
worker_processes  4;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  4096;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;
	
   upstream webserver {
	fair;
	server xxx.xxx.xxx.124:443 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2s;
	server xx.xxx.43.xx:443 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2s;
   }		
   
   upstream bbb {
	server 	xxxx.com:443 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2s;
	server xx.xxx.xx.xx:8443 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=2s;
        server xx.xx.1x.xx:443  backup;
	#server  xxxx:443 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=10s;
   }

   upstream ccc{
        server xx.1xx.xx.69:8443 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=2s;
        server xx.xxx.1xx.31:443 max_fails=1 fail_timeout=2s;
   }
   
   proxy_temp_path   /home/emeet/proxy_temp_path;
   proxy_cache_path  /home/emeet/proxy_cache_path  levels=1:2   keys_zone=cache_one:200m inactive=1d max_size=5g;
   proxy_headers_hash_max_size 51200;
   proxy_headers_hash_bucket_size 6400;
   proxy_buffering on;
   proxy_buffer_size 128k;
   proxy_buffers 32 128k;
   proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
   proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;

    server {
        listen       443 ssl;
        server_name xxxx.xxxx.com;
	
	#ssl on;
	ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/xxx.pem;
	ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/xxxx.key;
	ssl_session_timeout 5m;
	ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
	ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5:!RC4:!DHE;
        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
	
	gzip on;
        gzip_http_version 1.1;
        gzip_comp_level 3;
        gzip_types application/javascript  text/plain application/json application/x-javascript  application/css application/xml application/xml+rss text/css  text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png image/x-ms-bmp;
	


        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log;
        location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|png|htm|html|css|js|flv|ico|swf)$ 
        {
               proxy_pass   https://webserver;
               proxy_redirect          off;
       #proxy_set_header        Host            $host;
       #proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP       $remote_addr;
       #proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
       proxy_ignore_headers X-Accel-Expires Expires Cache-Control Set-Cookie;
       proxy_hide_header Cache-Control;
       proxy_hide_header Set-Cookie;
       proxy_connect_timeout   180;
       proxy_send_timeout      180;
       proxy_read_timeout      180;
       #proxy_buffer_size       128k;
       #proxy_buffers           32 128k;
       #proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
       #proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
       proxy_cache cache_one;
       proxy_cache_valid 200 304 1h;
       proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
       proxy_cache_valid any 1h;
       proxy_cache_key $uri$is_args$args;
       proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating;
       proxy_cache_min_uses 1;
       proxy_cache_revalidate on;
       proxy_cache_methods GET HEAD POST;
       add_header  Nginx-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
       add_header wall  "hey!guys!give me a star.";
       expires 1d;
       }
        

 
        location / {
		add_header backendIP $upstream_addr;
		add_header backendCode $upstream_status;
		#proxy_set_header           Host $host;
		#proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
		#proxy_set_header           X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
		#proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504 http_404;
            proxy_pass   https://webserver;
	    proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
	    proxy_cache cache_one;
	    proxy_cache_valid  200 304 12h;
	    proxy_cache_valid any 1h;
	    proxy_cache_key $uri$is_args$args;
	    proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating;
	    proxy_cache_min_uses 1;
	    proxy_cache_revalidate on;
	    proxy_cache_methods GET HEAD POST;
	   # proxy_set_header Host  $host;
	   # proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For  $remote_addr;
	    add_header Nginx-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
	    client_max_body_size 1000m;
            #proxy_connect_timeout 1;
            proxy_send_timeout 30;
            proxy_read_timeout 60;
	    expires 1d;
	    #gzip on;
            #gzip_http_version 1.1;
            #gzip_comp_level 3;
            #gzip_types application/javascript  text/plain application/json application/x-javascript  application/css application/xml application/xml+rss text/css  text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png image/x-ms-bmp;
	   # proxy_read_timeout 150;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
	
#	location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|png|htm|html|css|js|flv|ico|swf)(.*) {
#		proxy_pass   https://webserver;
#		proxy_redirect          off;
#	proxy_set_header        Host            $host;
#	proxy_set_header        X-Real-IP       $remote_addr;
#	proxy_set_header        X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
#	proxy_hide_header Set-Cookie;
#	proxy_ignore_headers Set-Cookie;
#	proxy_connect_timeout   180;
#	proxy_send_timeout      180;
#	proxy_read_timeout      180;
#	proxy_buffer_size       128k;
#	proxy_buffers           32 128k;
#	proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k;
#	proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k;
#	proxy_cache cache_one;
#	proxy_cache_valid 200 304 1h;
#	proxy_cache_valid 404 1m;
#	proxy_cache_valid any 1h;
	#proxy_cache_key $uri$is_args$args;
#	add_header  Nginx-Cache $upstream_cache_status;
#	expires 1d;
#	}

	location ~ /purge(/.*)
	{
        #设置只允许指定的IP或IP段才可以清除URL缓存。
	allow            all;
	proxy_cache_purge    cache_one   $1$is_args$args;
       } 
	
	location /bbb {
		add_header backendIP $upstream_addr;
		add_header backendCode $upstream_status;
		#proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504 http_404;
		proxy_next_upstream off;
		proxy_pass https://backend.example.com;
	}

	location /ccc{
                add_header backendIP $upstream_addr;
                add_header backendCode $upstream_status;
		#proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504 http_404;
		proxy_next_upstream off;
                proxy_pass https://backendserver;
		proxy_set_header Host       $http_host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;  
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;  
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }
   # server {
   # 	listen 80;
   # 	server_name test.emeet.ai;
   # 	rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$host$1 permanent;
   # }

    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}