Spring核心构成

于 2019-04-26 16:32:12 发布
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分类专栏： spring 文章标签： java spring介绍
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_32754539/article/details/89556170
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文章目录

依赖注入

为什么使用依赖注入?
https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/lplanguage/article/details/71077988
依赖注入会将所依赖的关系自动交给目标对象，而不是让对象自己去获取依赖
此处将Quest的依赖关系交给BraveKnight对象

package sia.knights;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;

import org.junit.Test;

import sia.knights.BraveKnight;
import sia.knights.Quest;

public class BraveKnightTest {

  @Test
  public void knightShouldEmbarkOnQuest() {
    Quest mockQuest = mock(Quest.class);
    BraveKnight knight = new BraveKnight(mockQuest);
    knight.embarkOnQuest();
    verify(mockQuest, times(1)).embark();
  }

}

依赖注入方式一(使用java)

package sia.knights.config;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import sia.knights.BraveKnight;
import sia.knights.Knight;
import sia.knights.Quest;
import sia.knights.SlayDragonQuest;

@Configuration
public class KnightConfig {

  @Bean
  public Knight knight() {
    return new BraveKnight(quest());
  }
  
  @Bean
  public Quest quest() {
    return new SlayDragonQuest(System.out);
  }

}

package sia.knights;

import java.io.PrintStream;

public class SlayDragonQuest implements Quest {

  private PrintStream stream;

  public SlayDragonQuest(PrintStream stream) {
    this.stream = stream;
  }

  public void embark() {
    stream.println("Embarking on quest to slay the dragon!");
  }

}

package sia.knights;
  
public class BraveKnight implements Knight {

  private Quest quest;

  public BraveKnight(Quest quest) {
    this.quest = quest;
  }

  public void embarkOnQuest() {
    quest.embark();
  }

}

package sia.knights;

public interface Quest {

  void embark();

}

依赖注入方式二(使用spring注入)

package sia.knights;

import org.springframework.context.support.
                   ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class KnightMain {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = 
        new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
            "META-INF/spring/knight.xml");
    Knight knight = context.getBean(Knight.class);
    knight.embarkOnQuest();
    context.close();
  }

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

  <bean id="knight" class="sia.knights.BraveKnight">
    <constructor-arg ref="quest" />
  </bean>

  <bean id="quest" class="sia.knights.SlayDragonQuest">
    <constructor-arg value="#{T(System).out}" />
  </bean>

</beans>

aop 应用切面

面向切面
可以定义切点实现调用其他方法。
可以将安全、事务和日志关注点与核心业务逻辑相分离。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
      http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

  <bean id="knight" class="sia.knights.BraveKnight">
    <constructor-arg ref="quest" />
  </bean>

  <bean id="quest" class="sia.knights.SlayDragonQuest">
    <constructor-arg value="#{T(System).out}" />
  </bean>

  <bean id="minstrel" class="sia.knights.Minstrel">
    <constructor-arg value="#{T(System).out}" />
  </bean>

  <aop:config>
    <aop:aspect ref="minstrel">
      <aop:pointcut id="embark"
          expression="execution(* *.embarkOnQuest(..))"/>
        
      <aop:before pointcut-ref="embark" 
          method="singBeforeQuest"/>

      <aop:after pointcut-ref="embark" 
          method="singAfterQuest"/>
    </aop:aspect>
  </aop:config>
  
</beans>

bean的装配

Spring中装配bean的三种主要方式：自动化配置、基于Java的显式配置以及基于XML的显式配置。

建议尽可能使用自动化配置，以避免显式配置所带来的维护成本。但是，如果你确实需要显式配置Spring的话，应该优先选择基于Java
的配置，它比基于XML的配置更加强大、类型安全并且易于重构。在本书中的例子中，当决定如何装配组件时，我都会遵循这样的指导意见。
因为依赖注入是Spring中非常重要的组成部分，所以本章中介绍的技术在本书中所有的地方都会用到。基于这些基础知识，下一章将会介绍一
些更为高级的bean装配技术，这些技术能够让你更加充分地发挥Spring容器的威力。

自动装配bean(自定义实体装配)

xml配置自动装配bean测试
要点:使用的时候的@Autowired
定义时候的@Component
以及xml文件的<context:component-scan base-package=“soundsystem” />

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
  xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

  <context:component-scan base-package="soundsystem" />

</beans>

普通配置自动装配bean测试

package soundsystem;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan
public class CDPlayerConfig { 
}

测试

package soundsystem;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.contrib.java.lang.system.StandardOutputStreamLog;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=CDPlayerConfig.class)
public class CDPlayerTest {

  @Rule
  public final StandardOutputStreamLog log = new StandardOutputStreamLog();

  @Autowired
  private MediaPlayer player;
  
  @Autowired
  private CompactDisc cd;
  
  @Test
  public void cdShouldNotBeNull() {
    assertNotNull(cd);
  }

  @Test
  public void play() {
    player.play();
    assertEquals(
        "Playing Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by The Beatles\n", 
        log.getLog());
  }

}

package soundsystem;

public interface CompactDisc {
  void play();
}

package soundsystem;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class SgtPeppers implements CompactDisc {

  private String title = "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band";  
  private String artist = "The Beatles";
  
  public void play() {
    System.out.println("Playing " + title + " by " + artist);
  }
  
}

基于Java的显式配置(在第三方库装配的时候)

java代码第三方对象装配。

package soundsystem;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class CDPlayerConfig {
  
  @Bean
  public CompactDisc compactDisc() {
    return new SgtPeppers();
  }
  
  @Bean
  public CDPlayer cdPlayer(CompactDisc compactDisc) {
    return new CDPlayer(compactDisc);
  }

}

测试

package soundsystem;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.contrib.java.lang.system.StandardOutputStreamLog;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=CDPlayerConfig.class)
public class CDPlayerTest {

  @Rule
  public final StandardOutputStreamLog log = new StandardOutputStreamLog();

  @Autowired
  private MediaPlayer player;

  @Test
  public void play() {
    player.play();
    assertEquals(
        "Playing Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by The Beatles\n", 
        log.getLog());
  }

}

基于XML的显式配置(可选，不建议)

比如第三方连接池等
测试

package soundsystem;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.contrib.java.lang.system.StandardOutputStreamLog;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration
public class PropertyValueTest {

  @Rule
  public final StandardOutputStreamLog log = new StandardOutputStreamLog();

  @Autowired
  private MediaPlayer player;

  @Test
  public void play() {
    player.play();
    assertEquals(
        "Playing Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by The Beatles\n" +
        "-Track: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\n" +
        "-Track: With a Little Help from My Friends\n" +
        "-Track: Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\n" +
        "-Track: Getting Better\n" +
        "-Track: Fixing a Hole\n" +
        "-Track: She's Leaving Home\n" +
        "-Track: Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!\n" +
        "-Track: Within You Without You\n" +
        "-Track: When I'm Sixty-Four\n" +
        "-Track: Lovely Rita\n" +
        "-Track: Good Morning Good Morning\n" +
        "-Track: Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)\n" +
        "-Track: A Day in the Life\n",
        log.getLog());
  }

}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

  <bean id="compactDisc"
        class="soundsystem.properties.BlankDisc">
    <property name="title" value="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band" />
    <property name="artist" value="The Beatles" />
    <property name="tracks">
      <list>
        <value>Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</value>
        <value>With a Little Help from My Friends</value>
        <value>Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds</value>
        <value>Getting Better</value>
        <value>Fixing a Hole</value>
        <value>She's Leaving Home</value>
        <value>Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!</value>
        <value>Within You Without You</value>
        <value>When I'm Sixty-Four</value>
        <value>Lovely Rita</value>
        <value>Good Morning Good Morning</value>
        <value>Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Reprise)</value>
        <value>A Day in the Life</value>
      </list>
    </property>
  </bean>
        
  <bean id="cdPlayer"
        class="soundsystem.properties.CDPlayer"
        p:compactDisc-ref="compactDisc" />

</beans>

package soundsystem;

public class BlankDisc implements CompactDisc {

  private String title;
  private String artist;

  public BlankDisc(String title, String artist) {
    this.title = title;
    this.artist = artist;
  }

  public void play() {
    System.out.println("Playing " + title + " by " + artist);
  }

}

package soundsystem;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class CDPlayer implements MediaPlayer {
  private CompactDisc cd;

  @Autowired
  public CDPlayer(CompactDisc cd) {
    this.cd = cd;
  }

  public void play() {
    cd.play();
  }

}

package soundsystem;

public interface MediaPlayer {

  void play();

}

xml和javaConfig混用

测试

package soundsystem;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.contrib.java.lang.system.StandardOutputStreamLog;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:cdplayer-config.xml")
public class ImportJavaConfigTest {

  @Rule
  public final StandardOutputStreamLog log = new StandardOutputStreamLog();

  @Autowired
  private MediaPlayer player;


  @Test
  public void play() {
    player.play();
    assertEquals(
        "Playing Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band by The Beatles\n",
        log.getLog());
  }

}


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

  <bean class="soundsystem.CDConfig" />

  <bean id="cdPlayer"
        class="soundsystem.CDPlayer"
        c:cd-ref="compactDisc" />
        
</beans>


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

  <bean id="compactDisc"
        class="soundsystem.BlankDisc"
        c:_0="Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band"
        c:_1="The Beatles">
    <constructor-arg>
      <list>
        <value>Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band</value>
        <value>With a Little Help from My Friends</value>
        <value>Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds</value>
        <value>Getting Better</value>
        <value>Fixing a Hole</value>
        <!-- ...other tracks omitted for brevity... -->
      </list>
    </constructor-arg>
  </bean>

</beans>

高级配置

bean装配所涉及的领域并不
仅仅局限于上一章 所学习到的内容。Spring提供了多种技巧，借助它们可以实现更为高级的bean装配功能。

环境与profile(预先测试环境数据)

java装配

package com.myapp;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.embedded.EmbeddedDatabaseType;
import org.springframework.jndi.JndiObjectFactoryBean;

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {
  
  @Bean(destroyMethod = "shutdown")
  @Profile("dev")
  public DataSource embeddedDataSource() {
    return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
        .setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2)
        .addScript("classpath:schema.sql")
        .addScript("classpath:test-data.sql")
        .build();
  }

  @Bean
  @Profile("prod")
  public DataSource jndiDataSource() {
    JndiObjectFactoryBean jndiObjectFactoryBean = new JndiObjectFactoryBean();
    jndiObjectFactoryBean.setJndiName("jdbc/myDS");
    jndiObjectFactoryBean.setResourceRef(true);
    jndiObjectFactoryBean.setProxyInterface(javax.sql.DataSource.class);
    return (DataSource) jndiObjectFactoryBean.getObject();
  }

}

xml装配

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
  xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
  xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

  <beans profile="dev">
    <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2">
      <jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" />
      <jdbc:script location="classpath:test-data.sql" />
    </jdbc:embedded-database>
  </beans>
  
  <beans profile="prod">
    <jee:jndi-lookup id="dataSource"
      lazy-init="true"
      jndi-name="jdbc/myDatabase"
      resource-ref="true"
      proxy-interface="javax.sql.DataSource" />
  </beans>
</beans>

schema.sql
create table Things (
  id identity,
  name varchar(100)
);

test-data.sql
insert into Things (name) values ('A')

测试

package profiles;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import com.myapp.DataSourceConfig;

public class DataSourceConfigTest {

  @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
  @ContextConfiguration(classes=DataSourceConfig.class)
  @ActiveProfiles("dev")
  public static class DevDataSourceTest {
    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;
    
    @Test
    public void shouldBeEmbeddedDatasource() {
      assertNotNull(dataSource);
      JdbcTemplate jdbc = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
      List<String> results = jdbc.query("select id, name from Things", new RowMapper<String>() {
        @Override
        public String mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
          return rs.getLong("id") + ":" + rs.getString("name");
        }
      });
      
      assertEquals(1, results.size());
      assertEquals("1:A", results.get(0));
    }
  }

  @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
  @ContextConfiguration(classes=DataSourceConfig.class)
  @ActiveProfiles("prod")
  public static class ProductionDataSourceTest {
    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;
    
    @Test
    public void shouldBeEmbeddedDatasource() {
      // should be null, because there isn't a datasource configured in JNDI
      assertNull(dataSource);
    }
  }
  
  @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
  @ContextConfiguration("classpath:datasource-config.xml")
  @ActiveProfiles("dev")
  public static class DevDataSourceTest_XMLConfig {
    @Autowired
    private DataSource dataSource;
    
    @Test
    public void shouldBeEmbeddedDatasource() {
      assertNotNull(dataSource);
      JdbcTemplate jdbc = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
      List<String> results = jdbc.query("select id, name from Things", new RowMapper<String>() {
        @Override
        public String mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
          return rs.getLong("id") + ":" + rs.getString("name");
        }
      });
      
      assertEquals(1, results.size());
      assertEquals("1:A", results.get(0));
    }
  }

  @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
  @ContextConfiguration("classpath:datasource-config.xml")
  @ActiveProfiles("prod")
  public static class ProductionDataSourceTest_XMLConfig {
    @Autowired(required=false)
    private DataSource dataSource;
    
    @Test
    public void shouldBeEmbeddedDatasource() {
      // should be null, because there isn't a datasource configured in JNDI
      assertNull(dataSource);
    }
  }

}

条件化bean(按照包存在等条件创建)

面向切面aop（方法拦截）

aop使用场景
Authentication 权限
Caching 缓存
Context passing 内容传递
Error handling 错误处理
Lazy loading　懒加载
Debugging　　调试
logging, tracing, profiling and monitoring　记录跟踪　优化　校准
Performance optimization　性能优化
Persistence　　持久化
Resource pooling　资源池
Synchronization　同步
Transactions 事务

通常定义一个方法为切入点，按照这个切入点设定前置方法或者后置方法。
在xml中声明切面，和在java代码中通过注解生成切面
https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_36937125/article/details/79845576

构建spring的web程序

spring用Java代码的基本搭建
spring实战(实际开发不使用)
在这里插入图片描述

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