PHP Trait

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本文介绍了PHP 5.4中引入的Traits机制，一种用于代码复用的技术。Traits允许开发者跨类层次结构重用方法集合，避免了多继承带来的复杂性。

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Trait 是从 PHP 5.4 加入的一种细粒度代码复用的语法

定义及示例

Traits are a mechanism for code reuse in single inheritance languages such as PHP. A Trait is intended to reduce some limitations of single inheritance by enabling a developer to reuse sets of methods freely in several independent classes living in different class hierarchies. The semantics of the combination of Traits and classes is defined in a way which reduces complexity, and avoids the typical problems associated with multiple inheritance and Mixins.

A Trait is similar to a class, but only intended to group functionality in a fine-grained and consistent way. It is not possible to instantiate a Trait on its own. It is an addition to traditional inheritance and enables horizontal composition of behavior; that is, the application of class members without requiring inheritance.

Trait 是为类似 PHP 的单继承语言而准备的一种代码复用机制。Trait 为了减少单继承语言的限制，使开发人员能够自由地在不同层次结构内独立的类中复用 method。Trait 和 Class 组合的语义定义了一种减少复杂性的方式，避免传统多继承和 Mixin 类相关典型问题。

Trait 和 Class 相似，但仅仅旨在用细粒度和一致的方式来组合功能。无法通过 trait 自身来实例化。它为传统继承增加了水平特性的组合；也就是说，应用的几个 Class 之间不需要继承。