HowToStudyInCollege

To the Instructor of the Eighth Edition

致第八版的导师

What’s Different in the Eighth Edition?

第八版的区别

In this new edition, one completely new—and very important—thrust has been added.

在这个船新版本，添加了重点

In addition, valuable changes and adjustments have been made through-out to material retained from the previous edition.

此外， 此前版本保留的材料做了有价值的改变和调整

New! Questions in the Margins

全新内容！ 留白处的问题

The Cornell System, with its extra wide margin designed for jotting cues to use for recitation, has been around for more than forty years and served the test of time.

康奈尔笔记法，留了额外的空白用来记下背诵的思路，这个方法已经用了超过四十年了并且经历住了时间的考验

But over time, our thinking about exactly what belongs in this margin has

evolved.

但是过一段时间后， 我们关于记在留白的笔记思考已经有了变化发展

Initially it was keywords or phrases, but with memory research demon strating the advantage of recall over mere recognition, we began to suggest using

questions as an alternative to keywords.

期初它只是关键词，短语， 但是记忆利用仅靠认知回忆，我们开始暗示使用问题作为关键词的关联

Why? Because formulating questions  requires more than extracting a word or phrase from a paragraph’s main idea; it actually encourages students to think about what’s truly important in each paragraph.

为啥子， 因为提出问题不仅仅需要从一个段落的大意提取词或短语， 它实际上鼓励学生去思考每一段哪些才是真正重要的

We call this use of marginal questions the Q System.

我们把留白问题的使用叫做Q系统

Of course, coming up with questions isn’t always easy. We know that.

当然，我们都知道提出这种问题往往不简单

While it is possible to extract a keyword or phrase almost mechanically, to arrive at a question you must truly understand a paragraph’s meaning.

虽然可以机械式地提取出关键字或词组， 但是为了得出一个问题， 你必须真正完全地明白段落的意思

We firmly believe  this extra struggle is worth it, but understand how students who are unaccustomed to formulating questions may be reluctant or unsure of how to do so.

我们坚信这个额外的努力是值得的， 但是明白 不习惯于提出问题的学生 可能有点勉强或者不清楚怎么去做

That is why in this edition we have added questions in the margins throughout the text of this book.

这就是为什么在这个版本， 我们在书里的页面留白部分添加了一些问题。

This simple but dramatic step has the potential to revolutionize the way in which this book can be used as a study aid.

这些简单但引人注目的步骤有可能彻底改变本书里用于学习辅助的方法

1. It supplies concrete examples of how the main ideas can be used to formulate questions.

1. 它提供了成型的案例---说明中心思想怎么用于提出问题

Students who are reluctant to use the Q System or unsure of how to begin now have page after page of examples to show them how it is done

不情愿使用Q系统或者不确定如何开始的学生 在经历一系列如何使用的案例后心里能有数

2. It provides a built-in means for reviewing and reciting the book’s important ideas.

它为复习和背诵课本的主要思想提供了内置的方法

By covering the text with a sheet of paper and using the Q System questions as cues, students will be able to more readily master the important material in each chapter.

通过用一页纸盖住课本然后使用Q系统作为线索，学生可以更简单的掌握每章节的重要内容

3. It offers an advantage over end-of-chapter summaries.

它在每一章节结束总结时提供了优势

Unlike the summaries in previous editions, which could sometimes be hobbled by a shortage of space, the Q System questions provide a thorough review of every chapter.

不像之前版本的总结，之前的内容有时候可能因为篇幅受限而受到限制， Q系统的问题为每章节都提供彻底的回顾

And because the questions are located alongside the paragraphs they refer to rather than at the end of the chapter, students always have the option of “drilling down” into a particular paragraph when curiosity or confusion leads them to conclude that the main idea alone is not enough.

而且因为问题位于它们指向的段落而不是章节的末尾， 因此学生当对总可以直接定位到特定的段落