Oracle 11g 数据恢复向导

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本文介绍如何使用Oracle恢复向导(RMAN)恢复误删的数据文件，包括一般数据文件(users)及系统数据文件(system、undo)，并提供了详细的恢复步骤。

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恢復向导恢复数据文件

一、恢复一般数据文件（users等）

1.模拟删除users01.dbf数据文件：

[oracle@testA /]$ rm /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

再次查询表的时候会报错：

SQL> select * from dept;

   ERROR at line 1:
   ORA-01116: error in opening database file 4
   ORA-01110: data file 4: '/home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
   ORA-27041: unable to open file
   Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
   Additional information: 3

提示datafile 4 有问题，也就是刚删除users01.dbf文件；

2.连进rman：rman target /

3.查看问题列表：

RMAN> list failure;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Database Failures
=========================
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
62 HIGH OPEN 11-MAY-18 One or more non-system datafiles are missing

4.查看恢复建议：

RMAN> advise failure;

List of Database Failures
=========================
Failure ID Priority Status    Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
62         HIGH     OPEN      11-MAY-18     One or more non-system datafiles are missing
analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=101 device type=DISK
analyzing automatic repair options complete
Mandatory Manual Actions
========================
no manual actions available
Optional Manual Actions
=======================
1. If file /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it
Automated Repair Options
========================
Option Repair Description
------ ------------------
1      Restore and recover datafile 4
  Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
  Repair script: /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_1978000856.hm+

可以看到有找到修复脚本（红色字体）

5.修复

RMAN> repair failure;

Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
Repair script: /home/oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_1978000856.hm
contents of repair script:
   # restore and recover datafile
   sql 'alter database datafile 4 offline';
   restore datafile 4;
   recover datafile 4;
   sql 'alter database datafile 4 online';
Do you really want to execute the above repair (enter YES or NO)? yes
executing repair script
sql statement: alter database datafile 4 offline
Starting restore at 11-MAY-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /home/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_05_11/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180511T102914_fh9zzv00_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_05_11/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180511T102914_fh9zzv00_.bkp tag=TAG20180511T102914
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 11-MAY-18
Starting recover at 11-MAY-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 11-MAY-18
sql statement: alter database datafile 4 online
repair failure complete