一、求 1-100 之间的素数
set serveroutput on;
declare
flag boolean;
begin
for i in 1..100 loop
for j in 2..i/2 loop
if mod(i,j)=0 then
flag:=false;
end if;
end loop;
if flag then
dbms_output.put_line(i);
end if;
flag:=true;
end loop;
end;
set serveroutput on
declare
i number(4);
j number(4) := 1;
z number(4) := 0;
begin
for i in 1..100 loop
while j <= i/2 loop
if mod(i,j) = 0 then
z := z + 1;
end if;
j := j + 1;
end loop;
j := 1;
if z = 1 then
dbms_output.put_line(i);
end if;
z := 0;
end loop;
end;
二、对所有员工,如果该员工职位是 MANAGER,并且在 DALLAS 工作那么就给他薪金加 15%;如果该员工职位是 CLERK,并且在 NEW YORK 工作那么就给他薪金扣除 5%;其他情况不作处理。
注意:
- cursor语句没有写for update,就不能用WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name子句。
- 字段属性的值只能用单引号括起来,而且严格区分大小写。
- 由于用FOR循环检索游标时,游标的打开、数据的检索、是否检索到数据的判断以及游标的关闭都是自动进行的,因此,可以不在声明部分定义游标,而在FOR语句中直接使用子查询。
set serveroutput on
declare
cursor c1 is select * from emp;
c1rec c1%rowtype;
v_loc varchar2(20);
begin
for c1rec in c1 loop
select loc into v_loc from dept where deptno = c1rec.deptno;
if c1rec.job = 'MANAGER' and v_loc = 'DALLAS' then
update emp set sal = sal * 1.15 where empno = c1rec.empno;
elsif c1rec.job='CLERK' and v_loc = 'NEW YORK' then
update emp set sal = sal * 0.95 where empno = c1rec.empno;
else
null;
end if;
end loop;
end;
set serveroutput on
declare
cursor c1 is select * from emp for update of sal;
c1rec c1%rowtype;
v_loc varchar2(20);
begin
for c1rec in c1 loop
select loc into v_loc from dept where deptno = c1rec.deptno;
if c1rec.job = 'MANAGER' and v_loc = 'DALLAS' then
update emp set sal = sal * 1.15 where current of c1;
elsif c1rec.job='CLERK' and v_loc = 'NEW YORK' then
update emp set sal = sal * 0.95 where current of c1;
else
null;
end if;
end loop;
end;
三、对所有员工,如果该员工部门是 SALES,并且工资少于 1500 那么就给他薪金加 15%;如果该员工部门是 RESEARCH,并且职位是 CLERK 那么就给他薪金增加 5%;其他情况不作处理。
set serveroutput on
declare
cursor c1 is select empno,sal,dname,job from emp e,dept d where e.deptno = d.deptno;
c1rec c1%rowtype;
begin
for c1rec in c1 loop
if c1rec.dname = 'SALES' and c1rec.sal <1500 then
update emp set sal = sal * 1.15 where empno = c1rec.empno;
elsif c1rec.dname='RESEARCH' and c1rec.job='CLERK' then
update emp set sal = sal * 1.05 where empno = c1rec.empno;
else
null;
end if;
end loop;
end;
四、对直接上级是'BLAKE'的所有员工,按照参加工作的时间加薪:81 年 6 月以前的加薪 10%;81 年 6 月以后的加薪 5%。
set serveroutput on
declare
cursor c1 is select * from emp where mgr = (select empno from emp where ename='BLAKE');
c1rec c1%rowtype;
begin
for c1rec in c1 loop
if c1rec.hiredate < '01-6月-81' then
update emp set sal = sal * 1.1 where empno = c1rec.empno;
else
update emp set sal = sal * 1.05 where empno = c1rec.empno;
end if;
end loop;
end;
五、根据员工在各自部门中的工资高低排出在部门中的名次(允许并列).
select deptno,ename,sal,(select count(*) + 1 from emp where deptno = a.deptno and sal > a.sal) as ord
from emp a
order by deptno,sal desc;
set serveroutput on
declare
cursor cc is select * from dept;
ccrec cc%rowtype;
/*声明游标、(游标输入参数变量为no,数据类型为number)可选项*/
cursor ck(no number) is select * from emp where deptno = no order by sal desc;
ckrec ck%rowtype;
i number;
j number;
v_sal number:=-1;
begin
for ccrec in cc loop
i := 0;
for ckrec in ck(ccrec.deptno) loop
i := i + 1;
if ckrec.sal = v_sal then
null;
else
j:=i;
end if;
DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line(ccrec.deptno||chr(9)||ckrec.ename||chr(9)||ckrec.sal||chr(9)||j);
v_sal := ckrec.sal;
end loop;
end loop;
end;
六、编写一个触发器实现如下功能:
对修改职工薪金的操作进行合法性检查:
a) 修改后的薪金要大于修改前的薪金
b)工资增量不能超过原工资的 10%
c)目前没有单位的职工不能涨工资
set serveroutput on
create or replace trigger tr1
after update of sal on emp
for each row
begin
if :new.sal <= :old.sal then
raise_application_error(-20001,'修改后的薪金要大于修改前的薪金');
elsif :new.sal > :old.sal * 1.1 then
raise_application_error(-20002,'工资增量不能超过原工资的10%');
elsif :old.deptno is null then
raise_application_error(-20003,'没有单位的职工不能涨工资');
end if;
end;
七、编写一个 PL/SQL 程序块,对名字以"A"或"S"开始的所有雇员按他们的基本薪水的 10%加薪。
DECLARE
CURSOR c1 IS
SELECT * FROM emp WHERE SUBSTR(ename,1,1)='A' OR SUBSTR(ename,1,1)='S' FOR UPDATE OF sal;
/*substr(字符串,截取开始位置,截取长度) 返回截取的字*/
BEGIN
FOR i IN c1
LOOP
/*NVL函数是一个空值转换函数,如果sal为空值,转换为0*/
UPDATE emp SET sal=NVL(sal,0)+NVL(sal,0)*0.1 WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
END LOOP;
END;
八、编写一 PL/SQL,以提升两个资格最老的"职员"为"高级职员"。(工作时间越长,优先级越高)
set serveroutput on
DECLARE
CURSOR c1 IS SELECT * FROM emp WHERE job='CLERK' ORDER BY hiredate FOR UPDATE OF job;
BEGIN
FOR i IN c1
LOOP
EXIT WHEN c1%ROWCOUNT>2;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i.ename);
UPDATE emp SET job='HIGHCLERK' WHERE CURRENT OF c1;
END LOOP;
END;
九、编写一 PL/SQL,对所有雇员按他们基本薪水的 10%加薪,如果所增加的薪水大于 5000,则取消加薪。
set serveroutput on
DECLARE
CURSOR c1 IS SELECT * FROM emp for update of sal;
BEGIN
FOR i IN c1
LOOP
IF i.sal*0.1<=5000 THEN
UPDATE emp SET sal=sal+sal*0.1 where current of c1;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(i.sal);
END IF;
END LOOP;
END;
十、编写一个给特殊雇员加薪 10%的过程,这之后,检查如果已经雇佣该雇员超过 60 个月,则给他额外加薪 3000.
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE Raise_Sal(no IN NUMBER) AS
vhiredate DATE;
vsal emp.sal%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT hiredate,sal INTO vhiredate,vsal FROM emp WHERE empno=no;
IF MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE,vhiredate)>60 THEN
vsal:=NVL(vsal,0)*1.1+3000;
ELSE
vsal:=NVL(vsal,0)*1.1;
END IF;
UPDATE emp SET sal=vsal WHERE empno=no;
END;
/
/*调用存储过程*/
VARIABLE no NUMBER
BEGIN
:no:=7369;
Raise_Sal(:no);
END;
/
SELECT empno,ename,sal,comm,hiredate FROM emp WHERE empno=:no;
十一、有如下MyTable:
日期 日产
1 3.3333
2 4.2222
3 1.5555
4 9.8888
5 ………
要求用SQL语句生成如下查询
日期日产 累计日产
1 3.3333 3.3333
2 4.2222 7.5555
3 1.5555 9.0000
4 9.8888 18.8888
5………
select id,quantity,(select sum(quantity)from mytable where id<=t.id) as acount
from mytable t
十二、创建一个序列,第一次从5 循环到 10,以后再从 0 开始循环
/*创建序列*/
create sequence seq
start with 5
increment by 1
maxvalue 10
minvalue 0
cycle
nocache
/*查看已经创建的序列*/
select * from user_sequences;
十三、创建一个触发器 biu_job_emp,无论用户插入记录,还是修改 EMP 表的 job 列,都将用户指定的 job 列的值转换成大写。
CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER biu_job_emp
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OF job ON emp
FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
:new.job :=UPPER(:new.job);
END;
十四、创建一个函数 func_dept_name,其功能是接受职员编号后返回职员所在部门名称。
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION dept_name (emp_no NUMBER)
RETURN VARCHAR2 AS
dept_no NUMBER(2);
result dept.dname%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT deptno INTO dept_no FROM emp WHERE empno=emp_no;
SELECT dname INTO result FROM dept WHERE deptno = dept_no;
RETURN result;
EXCEPTION
WHEN OTHERS THEN
RETURN NULL;
END;
十五、创建一个存储过程proc_dept_name,接受职员编号并检索职员姓名。将职员姓名存储在变量 empname 中,如果代码引发 VALUE_ERROR 异常,则向用户显示错误消息。
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE proc_dept_name(no IN NUMBER) AS
empname emp.ename%TYPE;
BEGIN
SELECT ename INTO empname FROM emp WHERE empno=no;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('职员姓名:'||empname);
EXCEPTION
WHEN VALUE_ERROR THEN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('要存储在变量中的值过大');
END;
/
set serveroutput on
/*调用存储过程*/
VARIABLE no NUMBER
BEGIN
:no:=7369;
proc_dept_name(:no);
END;
/
十六、利用游标显示工资最高的前3 名雇员的名称和工资。
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
DECLARE
V_ename VARCHAR2(10);
V_sal NUMBER(5);
CURSOR emp_cursor IS SELECT ename,sal FROM emp ORDER BY sal DESC;
BEGIN
OPEN emp_cursor;
FOR I IN 1..3 LOOP
FETCH emp_cursor INTO v_ename,v_sal;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_ename||','||v_sal);
END LOOP;
CLOSE emp_cursor;
END;