设计模式--Observer(转自k_eckel)

本文介绍了一种使用C++实现的观察者模式,包括Subject和Observer类的定义与交互过程。展示了如何通过Attach、Detach和Notify方法来管理观察者,并演示了具体的应用案例。

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Subject.h

#ifndef _ADAPTER_H
#define _ADAPTER_H
#include<iostream>
#include<list>
#include<string>
class Observer;
class Subject
{
public:
    virtual ~Subject();
    virtual void Attach(Observer* obv);
    virtual void Detach(Observer* obv);
    virtual void Notify();
    virtual void SetState(const std::string& st) = 0;
    virtual std::string GetState() = 0;
protected:
    Subject();
private:
    std::list<Observer*>* _obvs;
};
class ConcreteSubject :
    public Subject
{
public:
    ConcreteSubject();
    ~ConcreteSubject();
    std::string GetState();
    void SetState(const std::string& st);
private:
    std::string _st;
};
#endif


Subject.cpp

#include"stdafx.h"
#include"Subject.h"
#include<iostream>
#include"Observer.h"


Subject::Subject()
{
    _obvs = new std::list <Observer* > ;
}
Subject::~Subject()
{}
void Subject::Attach(Observer* obv)
{
    _obvs->push_front(obv);
}
void Subject::Detach(Observer* obv)
{
    if (obv!= NULL)
    {
        _obvs->remove(obv);
    }
}
void Subject::Notify()
{
    std::list<Observer*>::iterator it;
    it = _obvs->begin();
    for (; it != _obvs->end(); it++)
    {
        (*it)->Update(this);
    }
}
ConcreteSubject::ConcreteSubject()
{
    _st = '\0';
}
ConcreteSubject::~ConcreteSubject()
{}
std::string ConcreteSubject::GetState()
{
    return _st;
}
void ConcreteSubject::SetState(const std::string& st)
{
    _st = st;
}


Observer.h

#include"Subject.h"
#include<string>
#include<iostream>
class Observer
{
public:
    virtual ~Observer();
    virtual void Update(Subject* sub) = 0;
    virtual void PrintInfo() = 0;
protected:
    Observer();
    std::string _st;
};
class ConcreteObserverA :
    public Observer
{
public:
    virtual Subject* GetSubject();
    ConcreteObserverA(Subject* sub);
    virtual ~ConcreteObserverA();
    //传入Subject作为参数,这样可以让一个View属于多个的Subject
    void Update(Subject* sub);
    void PrintInfo();
private:
    Subject* _sub;
};
class ConcreteObserverB :
    public Observer
{
public:
    virtual Subject* GetSubject();
    ConcreteObserverB(Subject* sub);
    virtual ~ConcreteObserverB();
    void Update(Subject* sub);
    void PrintInfo();
private:
    Subject* _sub;
};


Observer.cpp

#include"stdafx.h"
#include"Observer.h"
Observer::Observer()
{
    _st = '\0';
}
Observer::~Observer()
{}
ConcreteObserverA::ConcreteObserverA(Subject* sub)
{
    _sub = sub;
    _sub->Attach(this);
}
ConcreteObserverA::~ConcreteObserverA()
{
    _sub->Detach(this);
    if (_sub != 0)
    {
        delete _sub;
    }
}
Subject* ConcreteObserverA::GetSubject()
{
    return _sub;
}
void ConcreteObserverA::PrintInfo()
{
    std::cout << "ConcreteObserverA observer...." << _sub->GetState() << std::endl;
}
void ConcreteObserverA::Update(Subject* sub)
{
    _st = sub->GetState();
    PrintInfo();
}
ConcreteObserverB::ConcreteObserverB(Subject* sub)
{
    _sub = sub;
    _sub->Attach(this);
}
ConcreteObserverB::~ConcreteObserverB()
{
    _sub->Detach(this);
    if (_sub != 0)
    {
        delete _sub;
    }
}
Subject* ConcreteObserverB::GetSubject()
{
    return _sub;
}
void ConcreteObserverB::PrintInfo()
{
    std::cout << "ConcreteObserverB observer...." << _sub->GetState() << std::endl;
}
void ConcreteObserverB::Update(Subject* sub)
{
    _st = sub->GetState();
    PrintInfo();
}


main.cpp

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    ConcreteSubject*sub = new ConcreteSubject();
    Observer* o1 = new ConcreteObserverA(sub);
    Observer* o2 = new ConcreteObserverB(sub);
    sub->SetState("old");
    sub->Notify();
    sub->SetState("new");//也可以由Observer调用
    sub->Notify();
return 0;
}

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