Ngix安装环境搭建(Linux)

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本文详细介绍Ngix在Linux下的安装步骤与启动方法，并提供具体的配置文件示例，包括虚拟主机配置、反向代理设置、负载均衡及压缩等功能实现。

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Ngix安装(Linux)

官方下载地址

安装与启动

gcc环境 yum install gcc-c++
第三方的开发包
- PCRE yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
- zlib yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
- openssl yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
安装
- 解压 [root@localhost ~]# tar zxf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
- 进入解压后文件夹复制执行以下命令./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi --with-pcre
- [root@localhost nginx-1.8.0]# make
- [root@localhost nginx-1.8.0]# make install
- [root@localhost sbin]# mkdir /var/temp/nginx/client -p
- 进入目录 cd /usr/local/nginx/
- 启动 [root@localhost sbin]# ./nginx
配置文件目录 nginx/conf/nginx.conf
重新加载配置文件避免重启 sbin/nginx -s reload

配置

配置虚拟主机与反向代理

worker_processes  1;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    upstream resume{
	server 123.207.121.135:8080;
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            proxy_pass   http://resume;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.img.exrick.cn;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html81;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.xmall.exrick.cn;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}
  1;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    upstream resume{
	server 123.207.121.135:8080;
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            proxy_pass   http://resume;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.img.exrick.cn;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html81;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.xmall.exrick.cn;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}

负载均衡（直接添加server即可）

...
http {
    ...
    upstream resume{
        server 123.207.121.135:8080;
        server 123.207.121.135:8081;
    } 
    ...
}

http {
    ...
    upstream resume{
        server 123.207.121.135:8080;
        server 123.207.121.135:8081;
    } 
    ...
}

权重调节（weight）

...
http {
    ...
    upstream resume{
        server 123.207.121.135:8080;
        server 123.207.121.135:8081 weight=2;
    } 
    ...
}

http {
    ...
    upstream resume{
        server 123.207.121.135:8080;
        server 123.207.121.135:8081 weight=2;
    } 
    ...
}

压缩文件

    gzip  on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 16k;
    gzip_comp_level 9;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript application/javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png eventsource script png;
on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 16k;
    gzip_comp_level 9;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript application/javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png eventsource script png;

解决代理IP地址

server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  tyw.study.cn;

        location / {
            proxy_pass   http://xmall;
            index  index.html index.htm;
	        proxy_set_header Host $host;
	        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
	        proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

        error_page  404              /50x.html;

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

    }
 {
        listen       80;
        server_name  tyw.study.cn;

        location / {
            proxy_pass   http://xmall;
            index  index.html index.htm;
	        proxy_set_header Host $host;
	        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
	        proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        }

        error_page  404              /50x.html;

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

    }

踩坑解决问题

[emerg]: getpwnam("nginx") failed
- 解决方法1：在nginx.conf中把user nobody的注释去掉既可
- 解决方法2：错误的原因是没有创建nginx这个用户，应该在服务器系统中添加nginx用户组和用户nginx，如下命令：/usr/sbin/groupadd -f nginx /usr/sbin/useradd -g nginx nginx
[emerg] mkdir() "/var/temp/nginx/client" failed (2: No such file or directory) root下手动创建即可：mkdir -p /var/temp/nginx/client
重启服务器后启动提示/var/run/nginx找不到

nginx: [error] open() "/var/run/nginx.pid" failed (2: No such file or directory)
open() "/var/run/nginx.pid" failed (2: No such file or directory)

进入/var/run新建nginx文件夹：mkdir nginx