NOT IN、!= 等负向条件查询在有 NULL 值的情况下返回永远为空结果,查询容易出错
- 举例说明
create table table_2 (
`id` INT (11) NOT NULL,
user_name varchar(20) NOT NULL
)
create table table_3 (
`id` INT (11) NOT NULL,
user_name varchar(20)
)
insert into table_2 values (4,"zhaoliu_2_1"),(2,"lisi_2_1"),(3,"wangmazi_2_1"),(1,"zhangsan_2"),(2,"lisi_2_2"),(4,"zhaoliu_2_2"),(3,"wangmazi_2_2")
insert into table_3 values (1,"zhaoliu_2_1"),(2, null)
-- 1、NOT IN子查询在有NULL值的情况下返回永远为空结果,查询容易出错
select user_name from table_2 where user_name not in (select user_name from table_3 where id!=1)
+-------------+
| user_name |
|-------------|
+-------------+
-- 2、单列索引不存null值,复合索引不存全为null的值,如果列允许为null,可能会得到“不符合预期”的结果集
-- 如果name允许为null,索引不存储null值,结果集中不会包含这些记录。所以,请使用not null约束以及默认值。
select * from table_3 where name != 'zhaoliu_2_1'
Empty set (0.00 sec)
-- 3、如果在两个字段进行拼接:比如题号+分数,首先要各字段进行非null判断,否则只要任意一个字段为空都会造成拼接的结果为null。
select CONCAT("1",null) from dual; -- 执行结果为null。
-- 4、如果有 Null column 存在的情况下,count(Null column)需要格外注意,null 值不会参与统计。
select * from table_3;
+------+-------------+
| id | user_name |
|------+-------------|
| 1 | zhaoliu_2_1 |
| 2 | <null> |
| 21 | zhaoliu_2_1 |
| 22 | <null> |
+------+-------------+
4 rows in set
select count(user_name) from table_3;
+--------------------+
| count(user_name) |
|--------------------|
| 2 |
+--------------------+
-- 5、注意 Null 字段的判断方式, = null 将会得到错误的结果。
create index IDX_test on table_3 (user_name);
select * from table_3 where user_name is null\G
select * from table_3 where user_name = null\G
desc select * from table_3 where user_name = 'zhaoliu_2_1'\G
desc select * from table_3 where user_name = null\G
desc select * from table_3 where user_name is null\G
Null 列需要更多的存储空间