文章目录
Python编程在大部分情况下可以借助丰富的第三方库，快速实现所需功能，满足使用要求，但是从其他用户使用的角度而言，最好是在GUI环境下进行操作，这里针对近期的项目需要，总结PyQt在python编程中界面化显示的基础知识。
|- UDP解析上位机
|- 整体思路
上位机拟采用如下思路：
- 通讯部分 ： 采用socket库实现UDP通讯
- 解析部分： 采用.xml文件保存解析UDP包所需的数据，通过xml库进行xml文件的读写与配置
- 界面部分： 采用PyQt5进行界面的编写
|- UDP通讯主要业务逻辑
UDP通讯采用socket库，设置连接超时时间为1s，程序如下：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'Sprinkle_WPD'
import socket
#TODO: 开启UDP
def udp_server_start(address):
udp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# 设置连接超时时间
udp_socket.settimeout(1)
try:
udp_socket.bind(address)
print('{} 已经连接成功'.format(address))
except Exception as ret:
print('{} 连接失败'.format(address))
else:
udp_server_concurrency(udp_socket)
# TODO: 持续监听UDP
def udp_server_concurrency(udp_socket):
while True:
try:
recv_msg, source_addr = udp_socket.recvfrom(2048)
print(recv_msg)
except:
'如果超时'
print('{} 未收到消息'.format(address))
if __name__ == '__main__':
address = ('192.168.1.13', 8888)
udp_server_start(address)
|- 封装业务逻辑类
将上面的业务逻辑封装成一个类，从而可以实现实例化业务逻辑，程序修改如下：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'Sprinkle_WPD'
import socket
class UdpLogic(object):
def __init__(self, address):
self.udp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# 设置连接超时时间
self.udp_socket.settimeout(1)
self.address = address
#TODO: 开启UDP
def udp_server_start(self):
try:
self.udp_socket.bind(self.address)
print('{} 已经连接成功'.format(self.address))
except Exception as ret:
print('{} 连接失败'.format(self.address))
return False
else:
self.udp_server_concurrency()
return True
#TODO: 监听UDP
def udp_server_concurrency(self):
while True:
try:
recv_msg, source_addr = self.udp_socket.recvfrom(2048)
print(recv_msg)
except:
'如果超时'
print('{} 未收到消息'.format(self.address))
if __name__ == '__main__':
address = ('192.168.0.40', 9090)
udp_example = UdpLogic(address)
udp_example.udp_server_start()
|- 完善UdpLogic类
增加更改udp address的methods，修改后的程序如下：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'Sprinkle_WPD'
import socket
class UdpLogic(object):
def __init__(self, address):
self.udp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# 设置连接超时时间
self.udp_socket.settimeout(1)
self.address = address
# 添加change的flag
self.change = False
#TODO: 开启UDP
def udp_server_start(self):
try:
self.udp_socket.bind(self.address)
print('{} 已经连接成功'.format(self.address))
except Exception as ret:
print('{} 连接失败'.format(self.address))
return False
else:
self.udp_server_concurrency()
return True
#TODO: 监听UDP
def udp_server_concurrency(self):
while True:
if not self.change:
try:
recv_msg, source_addr = self.udp_socket.recvfrom(2048)
print(recv_msg)
except:
'如果超时'
print('{} 未收到消息'.format(self.address))
else:
self.change_udp_address()
self.change = False
#TODO: 切换address
def change_udp_address(self):
try:
self.udp_socket.close()
print('{} 已经关闭'.format(self.udp_socket))
del self.udp_socket
self.udp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# 设置连接超时时间
self.udp_socket.settimeout(1)
print('{} 切换完成'.format(self.address))
self.udp_server_start()
except:
print('{} 切换失败'.format(self.address))
if __name__ == '__main__':
address = ('192.168.0.40', 9090)
udp_example = UdpLogic(address)
udp_example.address = ('192.168.0.40', 8190)
udp_example.change_udp_address()
|- 通讯业务线程
通讯业务构建完成，接下来两个思路：
- 将该通讯业务继承对象改成QThread
- 将该通讯业务用threading改写
因为最终的目的是为了在界面上显示，所以这里采用了QThread
|- QThread
- 将
class UdpLogic(object):修改为class UdpLogic(QThread): - 重写
def run(self)函数，指定对应的入口函数，这里是self.udp_server_start()
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'Sprinkle_WPD'
import socket
from PyQt5.Qt import QThread
class UdpLogic(QThread):
def __init__(self, address):
super(UdpLogic, self).__init__()
self.udp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# 设置连接超时时间
self.udp_socket.settimeout(1)
self.address = address
# 添加change的flag
self.change = False
def run(self):
self.udp_server_start()
#TODO: 开启UDP
def udp_server_start(self):
try:
self.udp_socket.bind(self.address)
print('{} 已经连接成功'.format(self.address))
except Exception as ret:
print('{} 连接失败'.format(self.address))
return False
else:
self.udp_server_concurrency()
return True
#TODO: 监听UDP
def udp_server_concurrency(self):
while True:
if not self.change:
try:
recv_msg, source_addr = self.udp_socket.recvfrom(2048)
print(recv_msg)
except:
'如果超时'
print('{} 未收到消息'.format(self.address))
else:
self.change_udp_address()
self.change = False
#TODO: 切换address
def change_udp_address(self):
try:
self.udp_socket.close()
print('{} 已经关闭'.format(self.udp_socket))
del self.udp_socket
self.udp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# 设置连接超时时间
self.udp_socket.settimeout(1)
print('{} 切换完成'.format(self.address))
self.udp_socket.bind(self.address)
except:
print('{} 切换失败'.format(self.address))
if __name__ == '__main__':
from PyQt5.Qt import QApplication
import sys
import time
address = ('192.168.0.40', 9090)
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
thread = UdpLogic(address)
thread.start()
time.sleep(2)
thread.address = ('192.168.0.40', 9092)
thread.change = True
sys.exit(thread.exec_())
上面的程序绑定 address = (‘192.168.0.40’, 9090) 持续2s之后，更换地址thread.address = (‘192.168.0.40’, 9092)，可以利用UDP网络助手观察结果。
现在完成了基本的QThread的业务逻辑，接下来添加pyqtsignal进行与UI的交互，数据的传递
|- QThread + pyqtSignal
这里添加了一个pyqtSignal，为了说明参数传递的过程，这里建立了一个Main界面，具体程序如下：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'Sprinkle_WPD'
import socket
from PyQt5.Qt import QThread,QWidget,QPushButton,QHBoxLayout,QLabel
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal
class UdpLogic(QThread):
signal_data_pass = pyqtSignal(str)
def __init__(self, address):
super(UdpLogic, self).__init__()
self.udp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# 设置连接超时时间
self.udp_socket.settimeout(1)
self.address = address
# 添加change的flag
self.change = False
def run(self):
self.udp_server_start()
#TODO: 开启UDP
def udp_server_start(self):
try:
self.udp_socket.bind(self.address)
msg = '{} 已经连接成功'.format(self.address)
self.signal_data_pass.emit(msg)
except Exception as ret:
msg = '{} 连接失败'.format(self.address)
self.signal_data_pass.emit(msg)
return False
else:
self.udp_server_concurrency()
return True
#TODO: 监听UDP
def udp_server_concurrency(self):
while True:
if not self.change:
try:
recv_msg, source_addr = self.udp_socket.recvfrom(2048)
print(recv_msg)
self.signal_data_pass.emit(recv_msg.decode('utf-8'))
except:
'如果超时'
msg = '{} 未收到消息'.format(self.address)
self.signal_data_pass.emit(msg)
else:
self.change_udp_address()
self.change = False
#TODO: 切换address
def change_udp_address(self):
try:
self.udp_socket.close()
print('{} 已经关闭'.format(self.udp_socket))
del self.udp_socket
self.udp_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
# 设置连接超时时间
self.udp_socket.settimeout(1)
print('{} 切换完成'.format(self.address))
self.udp_socket.bind(self.address)
except:
print('{} 切换失败'.format(self.address))
class Main(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(Main, self).__init__()
self.pbn = QPushButton('change')
self.pbn_start = QPushButton('start')
self.lbl = QLabel()
self.pbn_start.clicked.connect(self.udp_start)
self.pbn.clicked.connect(self.change)
address = ('192.168.0.40', 9090)
self.udp = UdpLogic(address)
self.layout = QHBoxLayout()
self.layout.addWidget(self.pbn_start)
self.layout.addWidget(self.pbn)
self.layout.addWidget(self.lbl)
self.setLayout(self.layout)
self.udp.signal_data_pass.connect(self.freshui)
def udp_start(self):
self.udp.start()
def change(self):
self.udp.address = ('192.168.0.40', 9190)
self.udp.change = True
def freshui(self, msg):
self.lbl.setText(msg)
if __name__ == '__main__':
from PyQt5.Qt import QApplication
import sys
import time
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
main = Main()
main.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
|- PyQt界面编程
通讯业务搞好之后，接下来是让界面显示UDP的数据，这里利用PyQt5进行GUI的编写
|- 界面的编写
这里采用按模块分界面编写，整体拼接的方法进行界面gui的设计，这里给出UDP address的设置界面。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'Sprinkle_WPD'
from PyQt5.Qt import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import pyqtSignal
class View_Udp_Setting(QWidget):
def __init__(self):
super(View_Udp_Setting, self).__init__()
self.setWindowTitle("UDP SERVER DEMO")
self.setFixedHeight(170)
self.group = QGroupBox('UDP Setting')
self.group.setFixedWidth(200)
self.edit_SourceIp = QLineEdit()
self.edit_SourcePort = QLineEdit()
self.edit_DestinIp = QLineEdit()
self.edit_DestinPort = QLineEdit()
group_layout = QFormLayout()
group_layout.addRow('Source IP: ', self.edit_SourceIp)
group_layout.addRow('Source Port: ', self.edit_SourcePort)
group_layout.addRow('Destin IP: ', self.edit_DestinIp)
group_layout.addRow('Destin Port: ', self.edit_DestinPort)
self.group.setLayout(group_layout)
self.pbn_connect = QPushButton('Connet')
self.pbn_disconnect = QPushButton('Change')
self.msg_display = QPlainTextEdit()
layout_left = QGridLayout()
layout_left.addWidget(self.group, 0, 0, 1, 2)
layout_left.addWidget(self.pbn_connect, 1, 0, 1, 1)
layout_left.addWidget(self.pbn_disconnect, 1, 1, 1, 1)
layout = QHBoxLayout()
layout.addLayout(layout_left)
layout.addSpacing(15)
layout.addWidget(self.msg_display)
self.setLayout(layout)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
main = View_Udp_Setting()
main.show()
sys.exit(app.exec_())
|- QSS的使用
QSS称为Qt Style Sheets也就是Qt样式表，它是Qt提供的一种用来自定义控件外观的机制。
对上面的UI外观进行一定的改造，使用到的QSS文件如下：
QGroupBox{
background:qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:1, y1:0, x2:1, y2:1, stop:0 #e9e9e9, stop:1 #E1E1E1);
border-radius:10px;
font-family:Arial;
font:12px;
font:bold;
margin-top: 6ex;}
QGroupBox::title{
color: #2E579A;
font-family:Arial;
font:12px;
subcontrol-origin: margin;
subcontrol-position: top center;}
QLabel{
font-family: Arial;
}
QLineEdit{
font-family: Arial;
}
QPlainTextEdit{
font-family: Arial;
}
QPushButton{
font-family: Arial;
}
通过下面的命令，导入对应的QSS样式
with open('demo_style.qss','r',encoding='utf-8') as f:
self.setStyleSheet(f.read())
最终的效果如下：
|- 打包resource
这部分之前笔记有记录，见下面的链接
https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_26915769/article/details/84535106
MCV基础
UDP通讯业务得到的数据要在界面上显示，而不同的子界面可能需要显示相同的数据，而当其中一个子界面做了数据更新（例如修改了UDP的ip地址），其他子界面又需要显示这个信息时，利用item-based这种方法就出现了短板，需要使用大量的signal和slot，放弃。
关于MCV的设计方法，这里推荐youtube的视频：
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCHVI8OXDxw&list=PL8B63F2091D787896
TreeNode & TreeModel
UDP解析后的数据拟采用树结构存放起来，因此，按照上面的链接制作一个树结构的类TreeNode和对应的抽象的TreeModel。
Controller编写
将View和Model相结合，这里仅是展示，因此，没有用到MCV的知识，所用到的文件是前面的View_Udp_Setting.py和
【未完】
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