Hosts是一个没有扩展名的系统文件,可以用记事本等工具打开,其作用就是将一些常用的网址
域名
与其对应的
IP地址
建立一个关联“数据库”,当用户在浏览器中输入一个需要登录的网址时,系统会首先自动从
Hosts文件
中寻找对应的
IP地址
,一旦找到,系统会立即打开对应网页,如果没有找到,则系统会再将网址提交DNS
域名解析
服务器进行IP地址的解析。
浏览器访问网站,要首先通过DNS服务器把要访问的网站域名解析成一个唯一的IP地址,之后,浏览器才能对此网站进行定位并且访问其数据。
操作系统规定,在进行DNS请求以前,先检查系自己的Hosts文件中是否有这个域名和IP的映射关系。如果有,则直接访问这个IP地址指定的网络位置,如果没有,再向已知的DNS服务器提出域名解析请求。也就是说Hosts的IP解析优先级比DNS要高。
以上内容均从百度百科复制。
文件路径:
C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc。
如何修改hosts文件
hosts文件原内容如下:
- # Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp.
- #
- # This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.
- #
- # This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each
- # entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should
- # be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.
- # The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one
- # space.
- #
- # Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual
- # lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.
- #
- # For example:
- #
- # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server
- # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host
- # localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself.
- # 127.0.0.1 localhost
- # ::1 localhost
在最后新增如下内容:
127.0.0.1 www.163.com
表示域名“www.163.com”指向的ip为127.0.0.1,即本地。修改后文件内容如下:
- # Copyright (c) 1993-2009 Microsoft Corp.
- #
- # This is a sample HOSTS file used by Microsoft TCP/IP for Windows.
- #
- # This file contains the mappings of IP addresses to host names. Each
- # entry should be kept on an individual line. The IP address should
- # be placed in the first column followed by the corresponding host name.
- # The IP address and the host name should be separated by at least one
- # space.
- #
- # Additionally, comments (such as these) may be inserted on individual
- # lines or following the machine name denoted by a '#' symbol.
- #
- # For example:
- #
- # 102.54.94.97 rhino.acme.com # source server
- # 38.25.63.10 x.acme.com # x client host
- # localhost name resolution is handled within DNS itself.
- # 127.0.0.1 localhost
- # ::1 localhost
- 127.0.0.1 www.163.com