第七章 Spring Cloud 自定义Ribbon的负载均衡yml配置）

本文介绍如何使用Spring Cloud Ribbon进行负载均衡配置，包括通过YAML文件设置负载均衡策略，实现客户端负载均衡，并演示如何调用服务实例。

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Ribbon中yml中配置负载均衡规则

负载均衡yml配置规则，yml配置优先级第一，Java代码第二，默认的最后

项目结构如下:

OrderController类

package com.example.demo.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalancerClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.example.demo.entity.User;

@RestController
public class OrderController {
	
	  @Autowired
	  private RestTemplate restTemplate;
	  
	  
	  @Autowired
	  private LoadBalancerClient loadBalancerClient;

	  @GetMapping("/order/{id}")
	  public User findById(@PathVariable Long id) {
	    // http://localhost:7900/user/
	    // VIP virtual IP(http://localhost:7900/user/表示虚拟ip)
	    // HAProxy Heartbeat
	    return this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://spring-cloud-user/user/" + id, User.class);//直接写服务提供者的spring.application.name,这样方便于动态IP
	  }
	  
	  //两个服务的情况下：一个调用随机的，一个用ribbon调用
	  @GetMapping("/test")
	  public String test() {
	    ServiceInstance serviceInstance = this.loadBalancerClient.choose("spring-cloud-user");
	    System.out.println("test1" + ":" + serviceInstance.getServiceId() + ":" + serviceInstance.getHost() + ":" + serviceInstance.getPort());
	    ServiceInstance serviceInstance2 = this.loadBalancerClient.choose("spring-cloud-user_two");
	    System.out.println("test2" + ":" + serviceInstance2.getServiceId() + ":" + serviceInstance2.getHost() + ":" + serviceInstance2.getPort());
	    return "test";
	  }
}

SpringCloudOrderApplication类

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class SpringCloudOrderApplication {

  @Bean	//必须new 一个RestTemplate并放入spring容器当中,否则启动时报错
  @LoadBalanced //此注解整合了Ribbon，使客户端负载均衡
  public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
    return new RestTemplate();
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(SpringCloudOrderApplication.class, args);
  }
}

application.yml配置：

spring:
  application:
    name: spring-cloud-order-ribbon_three  #微服务的名称
server:
  port: 7904  #微服务端口号
eureka:
  client:
    healthcheck:
      enabled: true   # 开启健康检查
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://user:123456@localhost:8761/eureka   #服务eureka的URL地址
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
spring-cloud-user: 
  ribbon:
    NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule  #负载均衡的规则，表示加权规则，yml配置优先级第一，Java代码第二，默认的最后

pom.xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>com.example.demo</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-cloud-order-ribbon_three</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>war</packaging>

	<name>spring-cloud-order-ribbon_three</name>
	<description>spring-cloud-order-ribbon_three</description>

	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>1.4.1.RELEASE</version>
	</parent>

	<properties>
		<!-- 文件拷贝时的编码 -->  
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
		  <!-- 编译时的编码 -->  
        <maven.compiler.encoding>UTF-8</maven.compiler.encoding>  
        <!-- jdk版本 -->  
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 注册中心 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 这个库让我们可以访问应用的很多信息,包括:/env、/info、/metrics、/health等 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<!-- 用于热部署 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
		</dependency>		
	</dependencies>
	<dependencyManagement>
		<dependencies>
		<!-- 版本依赖管理，故之后添加依赖无需指定version -->
			<dependency>
				<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
				<version>Camden.SR2</version>
				<type>pom</type>
				<scope>import</scope>
			</dependency>
		</dependencies>
	</dependencyManagement>

	<build>
		<plugins>
		<!-- 用以为integration-test提供支持。 -->
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>