如何实现Rabbitmq延迟队列

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-18 08:00:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2025-04-18 08:00:00 发布

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分类专栏： PHP 文章标签： rabbitmq php

原文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/u011069013/article/details/107079470

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本文详细介绍了如何使用RabbitMQ的TTL和死信队列特性来实现延迟队列，通过Hyperf框架和php-amqplib库的深度定制，展示了从消息提供者到消费者的完整实现流程。

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设计延迟队列

在这里插入图片描述
由于Rabbitmq默认没有支持延迟队列，需要使用官方的TTL和死信队列来实现我们的延迟队列功能.

实现原理：
1、rabbitmq 可以针对 Queue和Message 设置 x-message-ttl 来控制消息的生存时间，如果超时，消息变为 dead letter

2、rabbitmq 的queue 可以配置 x-dead-letter-exchange 和 x-dead-letter-routing(可选) 两个参数，来控制队列出现 dead letter 的时候，重新发送消息的目的地

注意事项：
1、设置了 x-dead-letter-exchange 和 x-dead-letter-routing 后的队列是根据队列入队的顺序进行消费，即使到了过期时间也不会触发x-dead-letter-exchange因为过期时间是在消息出队列的时候进行判断的

2、所以当队列没有设过期时间时，插入一个没有过期时间的消息会导致 x-dead-letter-exchange 队列永远不会被消费

分析&实现Hyperf延迟队列
通过看源码可以发现，Hyperf对Rabbitmq的官方SDK php-amqplib/php-amqplib 进行了封装。要实现延迟队列首先要了解清楚如果通过 php-amqplib/php-amqplib 实现延迟队列（参考下方 php-amqplib实现延迟队列）。

消息提供者
通过debug可以看到 hyperf 的producer仅仅是将消息推送至交换器就结束了。根据设计需要根据消息的过期时间建立对应的延迟queue 所以通过改造实现成下面这样：

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Constants\Amqp;

use Hyperf\Amqp\Builder;
use Hyperf\Di\Annotation\AnnotationCollector;
use PhpAmqpLib\Message\AMQPMessage;
use PhpAmqpLib\Wire\AMQPTable;

class DelayProducer extends Builder
{
    public function produce(DelayProducerMessage $producerMessage, bool $confirm = false, int $timeout = 5, $delayTime = 0): bool
    {
        return retry(1, function () use ($producerMessage, $confirm, $timeout, $delayTime) {
            return $this->produceMessage($producerMessage, $confirm, $timeout, $delayTime);
        });
    }

    /**
     * @param DelayProducerMessage $producerMessage
     * @param bool $confirm
     * @param int $timeout
     * @param int $delayTime
     * @return bool
     * @throws \Throwable
     */
    private function produceMessage(DelayProducerMessage $producerMessage, bool $confirm = false, int $timeout = 5, int $delayTime = 0)
    {
        $result = false;

        $this->injectMessageProperty($producerMessage);

        if ($delayTime > 0) {
            $message = new AMQPMessage($producerMessage->payload(), array_merge($producerMessage->getProperties(), [
                'expiration' => $delayTime * 1000,
            ]));
        } else {
            $message = new AMQPMessage($producerMessage->payload(), $producerMessage->getProperties());
        }

        $pool = $this->getConnectionPool($producerMessage->getPoolName());
        /** @var \Hyperf\Amqp\Connection $connection */
        $connection = $pool->get();
        if ($confirm) {
            $channel = $connection->getConfirmChannel();
        } else {
            $channel = $connection->getChannel();
        }
        $channel->set_ack_handler(function () use (&$result) {
            $result = true;
        });

        try {
             $delayExchange   = 'delayed_' . $producerMessage->getExchange();
            $delayQueue      = 'delayed_queue_' . $producerMessage->getExchange() . $producerMessage->getTtl() . '_' . $delayTime;
            $delayRoutingKey = $producerMessage->getRoutingKey() . $delayTime;
            //定义延迟交换器
            $channel->exchange_declare($delayExchange, 'topic', false, true, false);

            //定义延迟队列
            $channel->queue_declare($delayQueue, false, true, false, false, false, new AMQPTable(array(
                "x-dead-letter-exchange"    => $producerMessage->getExchange(),
                "x-dead-letter-routing-key" => $producerMessage->getRoutingKey(),
                "x-message-ttl"             => $producerMessage->getTtl() * 1000,
            )));
            //绑定延迟队列到交换器上
            $channel->queue_bind($delayQueue, $delayExchange, $delayRoutingKey);

            $channel->basic_publish($message, $delayExchange, $delayRoutingKey);
            $channel->wait_for_pending_acks_returns($timeout);
        }
        catch (\Throwable $exception) {
            // Reconnect the connection before release.
            $connection->reconnect();
            throw $exception;
        }
        finally {
            $connection->release();
        }

        return $confirm ? $result : true;
    }

    private function injectMessageProperty(DelayProducerMessage $producerMessage)
    {
        if (class_exists(AnnotationCollector::class)) {
            /** @var DelayAnnotation $annotation */
            $annotation = AnnotationCollector::getClassAnnotation(get_class($producerMessage), DelayAnnotation::class);
            if ($annotation) {
                $annotation->routingKey && $producerMessage->setRoutingKey($annotation->routingKey);
                $annotation->exchange && $producerMessage->setExchange($annotation->exchange);
                $annotation->ttl && $producerMessage->setTtl($annotation->ttl);
            }
        }
    }
}

细心的同学会发现injectMessageProperty这里多了个ttl, 这是利用了官方的注释机制。

加入延迟注释

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Constants\Amqp;

use Hyperf\Amqp\Annotation\Producer;

/**
 * @Annotation
 * @Target({"CLASS"})
 */
class DelayAnnotation extends Producer
{
    /**
     * @var integer
     */
    public $ttl = 3;
}

加入延迟消息体

namespace App\Constants\Amqp;

use Hyperf\Amqp\Message\ProducerMessage;

class DelayProducerMessage extends ProducerMessage
{
    /**
     * @var integer 延迟时间（秒）
     */
    protected $ttl;

    public function setTtl($ttl)
    {
        $this->ttl = $ttl;
        return $this;
    }

    public function getTtl()
    {
        return $this->ttl;
    }
}

消息消费者
这样改造的优势在于，不用改造消息消费者，官方原生的消费者全部都支持。
使用Demo


// 创建延迟消息并发送
$message     = new DemoDelayProducer($requestData);
$producer    = ApplicationContext::getContainer()->get(DelayProducer::class);
$result      = $producer->produce($message, false, 5, 10);
$result      = $producer->produce($message, false, 5, 3);

//消息提供者
/**
 * @DelayAnnotation(exchange="demo-delay-exchange", routingKey="demo-delay-routing", ttl=10)
 */
class DemoDelayProducer extends DelayProducerMessage
{
    public function __construct(array $data)
    {
        $this->payload  = $data;
    }
}


//消息消费者
/**
 * @Consumer(exchange="demo-delay-exchange", routingKey="demo-delay-routing", queue="DemoDelayConsumer", name ="DemoDelayConsumer", nums=1, maxConsumption=100000)
 */
class DemoDelayConsumer extends ConsumerMessage
{
    /**
     * @param $data
     * @return string
     */
    public function consume($data): string
    {
        return Result::ACK;
    }
}

附录
php-amqplib实现延迟队列
直接上代码


function publish() {
		$connection = new AMQPStreamConnection(HOST, PORT, USER, PASS, VHOST);
        $channel    = $connection->channel();

        $exchange_name = 'test_exchange';
        $queue_name    = 'test_queue';

        //定义默认的交换器
        $channel->exchange_declare($exchange_name, 'topic', false, true, false);
        //定义延迟交换器
        $channel->exchange_declare('delayed_exchange', 'topic', false, true, false);

        //定义延迟队列
        $channel->queue_declare('delayed_queue', false, true, false, false, false, new AMQPTable(array(
            "x-dead-letter-exchange"    => "delayed_exchange",
            "x-dead-letter-routing-key" => "delayed_exchange",
            "x-message-ttl"             => 5000, //5秒延迟
        )));
        //绑定延迟队列到默认队列上
        $channel->queue_bind('delayed_queue', $exchange_name);

        //定义正常消费队列
        $channel->queue_declare($queue_name, false, true, false, false, false);
        //绑定正常消费队列到延迟交换器上
        $channel->queue_bind($queue_name, 'delayed_exchange', 'delayed_exchange');

        //发送消息
        $message = new AMQPMessage('hello', array('delivery_mode' => AMQPMessage::DELIVERY_MODE_PERSISTENT));
        $channel->basic_publish($message, $exchange_name);

        $channel->close();
        $connection->close();
}