GTK tutorial 九

于 2024-06-06 19:47:53 发布
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分类专栏： GTK 文章标签： linux
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本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/qq_21551939/article/details/139503006
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Frames

frames用于将多个widget圈在一个box中，可以为这个box设置label.box的轮廓可以使用函数gtk_frame_set_shadow_type进行勾勒。

轮廓的样式有如下几种：

  • GTK_SHADOW_NONE
  • GTK_SHADOW_IN
  • GTK_SHADOW_OUT
  • GTK_SHADOW_ETCHED_IN (default)
  • GTK_SHADOW_ETCHED_OUT

下面的例子对其用法进行说明

程序运行结果

/*frame.c*/
#include<gtk/gtk.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv)
{
    GtkWidget *window;
    GtkWidget *frame;

    gtk_init(&argc, &argv);

    window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
    gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Frame Example");

    g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);

    gtk_widget_set_size_request(window, 300, 300);

    gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window), 30);

    frame = gtk_frame_new(NULL);
    gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), frame);

    gtk_frame_set_label(GTK_FRAME(frame), "GTK Frame Widget");

    gtk_frame_set_label_align(GTK_FRAME(frame), 1.0, 0.0);

    gtk_frame_set_shadow_type(GTK_FRAME(frame), GTK_SHADOW_IN);

    gtk_widget_show(frame);

    gtk_widget_show(window);
    
    gtk_main();

    return 0;
}

编译命令：

gcc -Wall -g frame.c -o frame `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-2.0 pkg-config --libs gtk+-2.0` 

Aspect Frames

Aspect Frames widget 与 frame widget 类似，区别在于，此widget强制设置了放置在其中的widget的纵横比，为了符合此纵横比，此widget根据需要会调整此widget所包含的空间。那么，这个widget到底有什么用呢。当你预览一个图片时，你最大化窗口，图片跟着放大， 那么图片的纵横比是不是要与之前的一致呢。

下面的例子对其用法进行说明，在例子中我们设置Aspect Frame的纵横比为2:1,但是设置放入此widget中的widget的纵横比为1;1,看看会发生什么。

运行结果：

/*aspfrm.c*/
#include<gtk/gtk.h>

int main(int argc,char *argv)
{
    GtkWidget *window;
    GtkWidget *sapect_frame;
    GtkWidget *drawing_area;

    gtk_init(&argc, &argv);

    window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
    gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Aspect frame");
    g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);
    gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window), 20);

    sapect_frame = gtk_aspect_frame_new("2x1", 0.5, 0.5, 2, FALSE);

    gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), sapect_frame);
    gtk_widget_show(sapect_frame);

    drawing_area = gtk_drawing_area_new();

    gtk_widget_set_size_request(drawing_area, 200, 200);
    gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(sapect_frame), drawing_area);
    gtk_widget_show(drawing_area);

    gtk_widget_show(window);
    gtk_main();

    return 0;    
}

编译命令：

gcc -Wall -g aspfrm.c -o aspfrm `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-2.0 pkg-config --libs gtk+-2.0` 

 Paned Window Widgets

Paned Window Widgets用于将一个区域分为两个部分，两部分的相对消息可由用户控制。区域可以横着分也可以竖着分。

下面的例子我们将实现一个假想的email的部分用户接口。实例窗口会被水平分为两个部分，上半部分用于显示用户列表，下部分用于显示email内容。

程序运行结果如下：

/panwin.c/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
   
/* Create the list of "messages" */
static GtkWidget *create_list( void )
{

    GtkWidget *scrolled_window;
    GtkWidget *tree_view;
    GtkListStore *model;
    GtkTreeIter iter;
    GtkCellRenderer *cell;
    GtkTreeViewColumn *column;

    int i;
   
    /* Create a new scrolled window, with scrollbars only if needed */
    scrolled_window = gtk_scrolled_window_new (NULL, NULL);
    gtk_scrolled_window_set_policy (GTK_SCROLLED_WINDOW (scrolled_window),
				    GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC, 
				    GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC);
   
    model = gtk_list_store_new (1, G_TYPE_STRING);
    tree_view = gtk_tree_view_new ();
    gtk_scrolled_window_add_with_viewport (GTK_SCROLLED_WINDOW (scrolled_window), 
                                           tree_view);
    gtk_tree_view_set_model (GTK_TREE_VIEW (tree_view), GTK_TREE_MODEL (model));
    gtk_widget_show (tree_view);
   
    /* Add some messages to the window */
    for (i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
        gchar *msg = g_strdup_printf ("Message #%d", i);
        gtk_list_store_append (GTK_LIST_STORE (model), &iter);
        gtk_list_store_set (GTK_LIST_STORE (model), 
	                    &iter,
                            0, msg,
	                    -1);
	g_free (msg);
    }
   
    cell = gtk_cell_renderer_text_new ();

    column = gtk_tree_view_column_new_with_attributes ("Messages",
                                                       cell,
                                                       "text", 0,
                                                       NULL);
  
    gtk_tree_view_append_column (GTK_TREE_VIEW (tree_view),
	  		         GTK_TREE_VIEW_COLUMN (column));

    return scrolled_window;
}
   
/* Add some text to our text widget - this is a callback that is invoked
when our window is realized. We could also force our window to be
realized with gtk_widget_realize, but it would have to be part of
a hierarchy first */

static void insert_text( GtkTextBuffer *buffer )
{
   GtkTextIter iter;
 
   gtk_text_buffer_get_iter_at_offset (buffer, &iter, 0);

   gtk_text_buffer_insert (buffer, &iter,   
    "From: test@tst.com\n"
    "To: tte@tst.com\n"
    "Subject: test!\n"
    "222\n"
    "aaa\n"
    "tst.\n"
    "test.\n"
    " -Path\n", -1);
}
   
/* Create a scrolled text area that displays a "message" */
static GtkWidget *create_text( void )
{
   GtkWidget *scrolled_window;
   GtkWidget *view;
   GtkTextBuffer *buffer;

   view = gtk_text_view_new ();
   buffer = gtk_text_view_get_buffer (GTK_TEXT_VIEW (view));

   scrolled_window = gtk_scrolled_window_new (NULL, NULL);
   gtk_scrolled_window_set_policy (GTK_SCROLLED_WINDOW (scrolled_window),
		   	           GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC,
				   GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC);

   gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (scrolled_window), view);
   insert_text (buffer);

   gtk_widget_show_all (scrolled_window);

   return scrolled_window;
}
   
int main( int   argc,
          char *argv[] )
{
    GtkWidget *window;
    GtkWidget *vpaned;
    GtkWidget *list;
    GtkWidget *text;

    gtk_init (&argc, &argv);
   
    window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
    gtk_window_set_title (GTK_WINDOW (window), "Paned Windows");
    g_signal_connect (G_OBJECT (window), "destroy",
	              G_CALLBACK (gtk_main_quit), NULL);
    gtk_container_set_border_width (GTK_CONTAINER (window), 10);
    gtk_widget_set_size_request (GTK_WIDGET (window), 450, 400);

    /* create a vpaned widget and add it to our toplevel window */
   
    vpaned = gtk_vpaned_new ();
    gtk_container_add (GTK_CONTAINER (window), vpaned);
    gtk_widget_show (vpaned);
   
    /* Now create the contents of the two halves of the window */
   
    list = create_list ();
    gtk_paned_add1 (GTK_PANED (vpaned), list);
    gtk_widget_show (list);
   
    text = create_text ();
    gtk_paned_add2 (GTK_PANED (vpaned), text);
    gtk_widget_show (text);
    gtk_widget_show (window);

    gtk_main ();

    return 0;
}

编译命令：

gcc -Wall -g panwin.c -o panwin `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-2.0 pkg-config --libs gtk+-2.0` 

Viewports

Viewports允许放入其空间的widget的尺寸比其空间大，并可以通过Adjustment widget 来调整需要查看的部分。用户通常不会直接使用此widget,而是通过Scrolled window 来使用。

Scrolled Windows

scrolled window 用于创建一个可滚动的区域，此区域中可以放入任何类型的widget.不论区域中的widget的尺寸多大，都能通过滚动条对区域中的widget进行查看。

下面将用示例对其进行说明。

运行结果

/*scrollwin.c*/
#include<stdio.h>
#include<gtk/gtk.h>

static void destroy(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data)
{
    gtk_main_quit();

}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    static GtkWidget *window;
    GtkWidget *scrolled_window;
    GtkWidget *table;
    GtkWidget *button;
    char buffer[32];
    int i, j;

    gtk_init(&argc, &argv);

    window = gtk_dialog_new();
    g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(destroy), NULL);
    gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "GtkScrolledWindow Example");
    gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window), 0);
    gtk_widget_set_size_request(window, 300, 300);

    scrolled_window = gtk_scrolled_window_new(NULL, NULL);

    gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(scrolled_window), 10);

    gtk_scrolled_window_set_policy(GTK_SCROLLED_WINDOW(scrolled_window), GTK_POLICY_AUTOMATIC, GTK_POLICY_ALWAYS);
    gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(GTK_DIALOG(window)->vbox), scrolled_window, TRUE, TRUE, 0);
    gtk_widget_show(scrolled_window);

    table = gtk_table_new(10, 10, FALSE);

    gtk_table_set_row_spacings(GTK_TABLE(table), 10);
    gtk_table_set_col_spacings(GTK_TABLE(table), 10);

    gtk_scrolled_window_add_with_viewport(GTK_SCROLLED_WINDOW(scrolled_window), table);
    gtk_widget_show(table);

    for(i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        for(j = 0; j < 10; j++)
        {
            sprintf(buffer, "button (%d,%d)\n", i, j);
            button = gtk_toggle_button_new_with_label(buffer);
            gtk_table_attach_defaults(GTK_TABLE(table), button, i, i+1, j, j+1);
            gtk_widget_show(button);
        }

    button = gtk_button_new_with_label("close");
    g_signal_connect_swapped(G_OBJECT(button), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(gtk_widget_destroy), G_OBJECT(window));

    GTK_WIDGET_SET_FLAGS(button, GTK_CAN_DEFAULT);
    gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(GTK_DIALOG(window)->action_area), button, TRUE,TRUE, 0);

    gtk_widget_grab_default(button);
    gtk_widget_show(button);

    gtk_widget_show(window);

    gtk_main();

    return 0;
}

编译命令：

gcc -Wall -g scrollwin.c -o scrollwin `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-2.0 pkg-config --libs gtk+-2.0` 

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