Docker的使用(1)

最新推荐文章于 2025-06-10 09:04:12 发布

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Mac下安装

brew cask install docker

配置国内镜像

镜像加速DaoCloud
输入docker info在最后几行看是否配置成功。

Registry Mirrors:
 http://##DaoCloud获取的地址
Live Restore Enabled: false

运行HelloWorld

输入docker run hello-world，输出下面内容。

➜  ~ docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
9db2ca6ccae0: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4b8ff392a12ed9ea17784bd3c9a8b1fa3299cac44aca35a85c90c5e3c7afacdc
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/engine/userguide/

镜像命令

查看镜像

查看镜像 docker images 输出安装的镜像。

➜  ~ docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world          latest              2cb0d9787c4d        5 weeks ago         1.85kB

各个选项说明:

REPOSITORY：表示镜像的仓库源
TAG：镜像的标签
IMAGE ID：镜像ID
CREATED：镜像创建时间
SIZE：镜像大小

查找镜像

查找镜像httpd docker search httpd

➜  ~ docker search httpd
NAME                                    DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
httpd                                   The Apache HTTP Server Project                  1908                [OK]

NAME:镜像仓库源的名称
DESCRIPTION:镜像的描述
OFFICIAL:是否docker官方发布

安装镜像

安装镜像httpd docker pull httpd
下载完成后使用 docker run httpd

删除镜像

docker rmi httpd

显示镜像的历史

docker history httpd

容器命令

docker容器可以理解为在沙盒中运行的进程。包含进程运行所必须的资源。包括文件系统、系统类库、shell 环境等等。但这个沙盒默认是不会运行任何程序的。你需要在沙盒中运行一个进程来启动某一个容器。这个进程是该容器的唯一进程，所以当该进程结束的时候，容器也会完全的停止。

交互式进入容器

➜  ~ docker run -i -t centos
[root@1ab526eb869f /]# ps
  PID TTY          TIME CMD
    1 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
   14 pts/0    00:00:00 ps
[root@1ab526eb869f /]#

直接在容器中运行命令

docker run centos echo "hello word"

无法进行交互。

查看容器

# 正在运行的容器
➜  ~ docker ps  
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
1ab526eb869f        centos              "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Up About a minute                       festive_newton
# 列出所有的容器，停止和运行的
➜  ~ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
1ab526eb869f        centos              "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Up About a minute                               festive_newton
b0082eefb8fa        centos              "/bin/bash"         10 hours ago         Exited (137) 10 hours ago                       ecstatic_borg
# 列出最近一次启动的容器
➜  ~ docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED              STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
1ab526eb869f        centos              "/bin/bash"         About a minute ago   Up About a minute                       festive_newton
➜  ~

保存容器

当你对某个容器做了修改后，退出容器后并不会保存，要自己保存。

-m:提交的描述信息
-a:指定镜像作者

➜  ~ docker commit 1ab526eb869f centos:01
sha256:8d6ec7ae82d4ff1b42e46ba31a175ac4e0e93ac08f4bdf57a3ee852eab051544
➜  ~ docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos               01                  8d6ec7ae82d4        5 seconds ago       200MB
centos               latest              5182e96772bf        13 days ago         200MB

可以看到为刚刚运行的容器保存了，并且从新命名。

对容器操作

rm、stop、start、kill、logs、diff、top、cp、restart、attach

# 删除所有容器
➜  ~ docker rm `docker ps -a -q`

# 删除单个容器
➜  ~ docker rm NAME/ID

# 启动、停止、重启、杀死容器
➜  ~ docker start NAME/ID
➜  ~ docker stop NAME/ID
➜  ~ docker restart NAME/ID
➜  ~ docker kill NAME/ID

从容器中取出日志，可以看到我有两次操作。

➜  ~ docker logs -t 1ab526eb869f
[root@1ab526eb869f /]# ps
2018-08-20T03:44:09.096292900Z   PID TTY          TIME CMD
2018-08-20T03:44:09.096764000Z     1 pts/0    00:00:00 bash
2018-08-20T03:44:09.096915600Z    14 pts/0    00:00:00 ps
2018-08-20T03:47:47.473272200Z [root@1ab526eb869f /]# exit
2018-08-20T03:47:47.473336800Z exit
[root@1ab526eb869f /]# ls
2018-08-20T04:04:25.545790200Z anaconda-post.log  bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
2018-08-20T04:04:27.207549600Z [root@1ab526eb869f /]# pwd
2018-08-20T04:04:27.208339600Z /
2018-08-20T04:04:28.831168800Z [root@1ab526eb869f /]# cd
2018-08-20T04:04:29.408619400Z [root@1ab526eb869f ~]# ls
2018-08-20T04:04:29.410958700Z anaconda-ks.cfg
2018-08-20T04:04:39.992510800Z [root@1ab526eb869f ~]# exit

列出一个容器里面被改变的文件或者目录
list列表会显示出三种事件，A 增加的，D 删除的，C 被改变的

➜  ~ docker diff 1ab526eb869f
C /root
A /root/.bash_history

容器里的进程，容器必须运行。

➜  ~ docker top 1ab526eb869f
PID                 USER                TIME                COMMAND
4611                root                0:00                /bin/bash
➜  ~

➜  ~ docker cp 1ab526eb869f:/root/a.txt ~/
➜  ~ cd
➜  ~ ls | grep a.txt
a.txt
➜  ~

容器启动中，直接进入命令模式

➜  ~ docker attach 1ab526eb869f
[root@1ab526eb869f ~]#

镜像的保存和加载

保存镜像

➜  ~ docker save 5182e96772bf -o ~/en.tar
➜  ~ docker save 5182e96772bf > ~/an.tar
➜  ~ cd
➜  ~ ls | grep ...tar
an.tar
en.tar
➜  ~

加载镜像

docker load -i en.tar
docker load < an.tar

遇到的问题

在删除镜像的时候，必须要使用改镜像的容器，先将容器停止。
不然报错误。

Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "centos:01" (must force) - container f70555008ac2 is using its referenced image 8d6ec7ae82d4

我是这样删除，镜像的。

➜  ~ docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
centos               01                  8d6ec7ae82d4        33 minutes ago      200MB
centos               latest              5182e96772bf        13 days ago         200MB
hello-world          latest              2cb0d9787c4d        5 weeks ago         1.85kB
scrapinghub/splash   latest              3926e5aac017        6 months ago        1.22GB
➜  ~ docker rmi centos:01
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "centos:01" (must force) - container f70555008ac2 is using its referenced image 8d6ec7ae82d4
➜  ~ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
f70555008ac2        centos:01           "/bin/bash"         21 minutes ago      Exited (0) 21 minutes ago                       laughing_hypatia
1ab526eb869f        centos              "/bin/bash"         38 minutes ago      Up 14 minutes                                   festive_newton
b0082eefb8fa        centos              "/bin/bash"         11 hours ago        Exited (137) 11 hours ago                       ecstatic_borg
➜  ~ docker rm f70555008ac2
f70555008ac2
➜  ~ docker rmi centos:01
Untagged: centos:01
Deleted: sha256:8d6ec7ae82d4ff1b42e46ba31a175ac4e0e93ac08f4bdf57a3ee852eab051544
Deleted: sha256:f9d191ae4d435e967fec27d5182cb7a4ea6295dddeaa5717be2a4bd72af2517e