Dictionary lookup with regular expression as key
I just remembered that I was meant to post that thing here, too. Problem is the following: you want to retrieve all values of a python dictionary whose keys match a certain regular expression. Solution: Just make a custom dictionary class derived from the builtin one:
class redict(dict):
def __init__(self, d):
dict.__init__(self, d)
def __getitem__(self, regex):
r = re.compile(regex)
mkeys = filter(r.match, self.keys())
for i in mkeys:
yield dict.__getitem__(self, i)
With this you can do the following:
>>> keys = ["a", "b", "c", "ab", "ce", "de"]
>>> vals = range(0,len(keys))
>>> red = redict(zip(keys, vals))
>>> for i in red[r"^.e$"]:
... print i
...
5
4
>>>
flask @app.route('/user/\d+') 的实现:
mkeys = filter(lambda key: key.match(str), self.keys())
sorted(mkeys, cmp=lambda x,y:cmp(len(x), len(y)))
sorted(mkeys, key=lambda x:len(x))
sorted(iterable[, cmp[, key[, reverse]]])
参数解释:
(1)iterable指定要排序的list或者iterable,不用多说;
(2)cmp为函数,指定排序时进行比较的函数,可以指定一个函数或者lambda函数,如:
students为类对象的list,没个成员有三个域,用sorted进行比较时可以自己定cmp函数,例如这里要通过比较第三个数据成员来排序,代码可以这样写:
students = [('john', 'A', 15), ('jane', 'B', 12), ('dave', 'B', 10)]
sorted(students, key=lambda student : student[2])
(3)key为函数,指定取待排序元素的哪一项进行排序,函数用上面的例子来说明,代码如下:
sorted(students, key=lambda student : student[2])
key指定的lambda函数功能是去元素student的第三个域(即:student[2]),因此sorted排序时,会以students所有元素的第三个域来进行排序。
有了上面的operator.itemgetter函数,也可以用该函数来实现,例如要通过student的第三个域排序,可以这么写:
sorted(students, key=operator.itemgetter(2))
sorted函数也可以进行多级排序,例如要根据第二个域和第三个域进行排序,可以这么写:
sorted(students, key=operator.itemgetter(1,2))