QT中的 Hello World 分析.（非IDE）

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本文介绍了在没有集成开发环境(IDE)的情况下，如何使用QT进行Hello World程序的创建和编译。通过分析QHello项目的文件结构和配置，包括hello.cpp源文件和QHello.pro项目文件，以及生成的Makefile，揭示了QT项目在命令行下的编译过程。

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最近又要做个QT的界面，没办法重新拾起，没有IDE怎么办？还好以前的类库啥的都在。

#include <QApplication>
#include <QPushButton>

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
  QApplication app(argc,argv);
  QPushButton b("Hello World!");
  b.show();
  QObject::connect(&b,SIGNAL(clicked()),&app,SLOT(quit()));
  return app.exec();
}

最简单的Hello World.

关键在于编译方法。

文件夹为QHello

上述代码保存为hello.cpp

qmake -project   //生成项目文件QHello.pro  （根据文件夹生成项目文件）
qmake            //生成Makefile
make             //生成可执行文件QHello ，及目标文件hello.o
./QHello

QHello.pro 内容

######################################################################
# Automatically generated by qmake (2.01a) Tue Aug 23 08:41:26 2011
######################################################################

TEMPLATE = app
TARGET = 
DEPENDPATH += .
INCLUDEPATH += .

# Input
SOURCES += hello.cpp    //自动扫描源文件

Makefile 内容比较冗余：看看前面的注释部分就可以了，有兴趣的可以研读。

#############################################################################
# Makefile for building: QHello
# Generated by qmake (2.01a) (Qt 4.6.2) on: Tue Aug 23 08:41:30 2011
# Project:  QHello.pro
# Template: app
# Command: /usr/bin/qmake -unix -o Makefile QHello.pro
#############################################################################

####### Compiler, tools and options

CC            = gcc
CXX           = g++
DEFINES       = -DQT_NO_DEBUG -DQT_GUI_LIB -DQT_CORE_LIB -DQT_SHARED
CFLAGS        = -pipe -O2 -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT $(DEFINES)
CXXFLAGS      = -pipe -O2 -Wall -W -D_REENTRANT $(DEFINES)
INCPATH       = -I/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/linux-g++ -I. -I/usr/include/qt4/QtCore -I/usr/include/qt4/QtGui -I/usr/include/qt4 -I. -I.
LINK          = g++
LFLAGS        = -Wl,-O1
LIBS          = $(SUBLIBS)  -L/usr/lib -lQtGui -lQtCore -lpthread 
AR            = ar cqs
RANLIB        = 
QMAKE         = /usr/bin/qmake
TAR           = tar -cf
COMPRESS      = gzip -9f
COPY          = cp -f
SED           = sed
COPY_FILE     = $(COPY)
COPY_DIR      = $(COPY) -r
STRIP         = strip
INSTALL_FILE  = install -m 644 -p
INSTALL_DIR   = $(COPY_DIR)
INSTALL_PROGRAM = install -m 755 -p
DEL_FILE      = rm -f
SYMLINK       = ln -f -s
DEL_DIR       = rmdir
MOVE          = mv -f
CHK_DIR_EXISTS= test -d
MKDIR         = mkdir -p

####### Output directory

OBJECTS_DIR   = ./

####### Files

SOURCES       = hello.cpp 
OBJECTS       = hello.o
DIST          = /usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/common/g++.conf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/common/unix.conf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/common/linux.conf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/qconfig.pri \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/qt_functions.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/qt_config.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/exclusive_builds.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/default_pre.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/release.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/default_post.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/warn_on.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/qt.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/unix/thread.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/moc.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/resources.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/uic.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/yacc.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/lex.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/include_source_dir.prf \
		QHello.pro
QMAKE_TARGET  = QHello
DESTDIR       = 
TARGET        = QHello

first: all
####### Implicit rules

.SUFFIXES: .o .c .cpp .cc .cxx .C

.cpp.o:
	$(CXX) -c $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCPATH) -o "$@" "{1}lt;"

.cc.o:
	$(CXX) -c $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCPATH) -o "$@" "{1}lt;"

.cxx.o:
	$(CXX) -c $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCPATH) -o "$@" "{1}lt;"

.C.o:
	$(CXX) -c $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCPATH) -o "$@" "{1}lt;"

.c.o:
	$(CC) -c $(CFLAGS) $(INCPATH) -o "$@" "{1}lt;"

####### Build rules

all: Makefile $(TARGET)

$(TARGET):  $(OBJECTS)  
	$(LINK) $(LFLAGS) -o $(TARGET) $(OBJECTS) $(OBJCOMP) $(LIBS)

Makefile: QHello.pro  /usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/linux-g++/qmake.conf /usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/common/g++.conf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/common/unix.conf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/common/linux.conf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/qconfig.pri \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/qt_functions.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/qt_config.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/exclusive_builds.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/default_pre.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/release.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/default_post.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/warn_on.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/qt.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/unix/thread.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/moc.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/resources.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/uic.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/yacc.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/lex.prf \
		/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/include_source_dir.prf \
		/usr/lib/libQtGui.prl \
		/usr/lib/libQtCore.prl
	$(QMAKE) -unix -o Makefile QHello.pro
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/common/g++.conf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/common/unix.conf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/common/linux.conf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/qconfig.pri:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/qt_functions.prf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/qt_config.prf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/exclusive_builds.prf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/default_pre.prf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/release.prf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/default_post.prf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/warn_on.prf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/qt.prf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/unix/thread.prf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/moc.prf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/resources.prf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/uic.prf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/yacc.prf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/lex.prf:
/usr/share/qt4/mkspecs/features/include_source_dir.prf:
/usr/lib/libQtGui.prl:
/usr/lib/libQtCore.prl:
qmake:  FORCE
	@$(QMAKE) -unix -o Makefile QHello.pro

dist: 
	@$(CHK_DIR_EXISTS) .tmp/QHello1.0.0 || $(MKDIR) .tmp/QHello1.0.0 
	$(COPY_FILE) --parents $(SOURCES) $(DIST) .tmp/QHello1.0.0/ && $(COPY_FILE) --parents hello.cpp .tmp/QHello1.0.0/ && (cd `dirname .tmp/QHello1.0.0` && $(TAR) QHello1.0.0.tar QHello1.0.0 && $(COMPRESS) QHello1.0.0.tar) && $(MOVE) `dirname .tmp/QHello1.0.0`/QHello1.0.0.tar.gz . && $(DEL_FILE) -r .tmp/QHello1.0.0


clean:compiler_clean 
	-$(DEL_FILE) $(OBJECTS)
	-$(DEL_FILE) *~ core *.core


####### Sub-libraries

distclean: clean
	-$(DEL_FILE) $(TARGET) 
	-$(DEL_FILE) Makefile


mocclean: compiler_moc_header_clean compiler_moc_source_clean

mocables: compiler_moc_header_make_all compiler_moc_source_make_all

compiler_moc_header_make_all:
compiler_moc_header_clean:
compiler_rcc_make_all:
compiler_rcc_clean:
compiler_image_collection_make_all: qmake_image_collection.cpp
compiler_image_collection_clean:
	-$(DEL_FILE) qmake_image_collection.cpp
compiler_moc_source_make_all:
compiler_moc_source_clean:
compiler_uic_make_all:
compiler_uic_clean:
compiler_yacc_decl_make_all:
compiler_yacc_decl_clean:
compiler_yacc_impl_make_all:
compiler_yacc_impl_clean:
compiler_lex_make_all:
compiler_lex_clean:
compiler_clean: 

####### Compile

hello.o: hello.cpp 
	$(CXX) -c $(CXXFLAGS) $(INCPATH) -o hello.o hello.cpp

####### Install

install:   FORCE

uninstall:   FORCE

FORCE: