django框架搭建详细步骤

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-18 14:33:07 发布

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#django #python #后端

创建djiango项目的详细步骤

1：进入项目目录执行

django-admin startproject mysite

2: 进入mysite目录,在下面创建app应用bookstore

django-admin startapp bookstore

3: 用pycharm软件打开mysite文件夹

4: 找到mysite下面的settings.py文件夹设置

1）：找到"ALLOWED_HOSTS= [] " 将其改为 ALLOWED_HOSTS = [“*”]

2）：找到"INSTALLED_APPS = " 在里面安装应用 “bookstore”

  INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'bookstore',
 ]

3）：找到"MIDDLEWARE = " 暂时将跨域中间件关闭 #django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware’,

4）：进入数据库创建django 项目需要链接的数据库

mysql -uroot -py
create database mysite_db default charset utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;

5）：找到"DATABASES = " 修改数据库引擎

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'mysite_db',
        'USER': "root",
        'PASSWORD': '123456',
        'PORT': '3306',
        'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
    }
}

6): 将以下内容改为：

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans'

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

5：找到mysite文件夹下的init.py文件在里面添加对mysql数据库的支持

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

6：在bookstore文件夹中找到models.py文件，在这之中创建类用来操作数据库 ORM模型

1）：编写Book类

    from django.db import models
    class Book(models.Model): #这里的Book相当于mysql数据库中的Book数据表
        #这里的title ,price , market_price, publisher, pub_date 相当于数据表中的字段
        title = models.CharField(max_length=30,
                                verbose_name="书名")
        price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=7,
                                    decimal_places=2,
                                    verbose_name="出厂价")
        market_price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=7,
                                        decimal_places=2,
                                        verbose_name="市场价")
        publisher = models.CharField(max_length=30,
                                    verbose_name="出版社")
        pub_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

2): 在项目目录下执行命令同步数据库

    python3.9 manage.py makemigrations
    python3.9 manage.py migrate

7: 在项目根目录下创建templates 文件夹然后创建bookstore文件夹用来存放html文件和模板

1）：编写add_book.html

 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html lang="en">
 <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title>添加新书</title>
     <style>
         #addBook{
             width: 500px;
             height: 400px;
             background-color: #eee;
             color: #888;
             border: 0px solid red;
         }
         #addBook div{
             width: 100%;
             height: 60px;
             border: 0px solid blue;

         }
         #addBook  h2{
             display: inline-block;
             width: 100%
             height: 80px;

         }
         #addBook .submit{
             display: inline-block;
             padding: 10px 10px;
             margin-top: 20px;
             margin_left: 20px;
         }

     </style>
 </head>
 <body>
     <form action="/bookstore/add_book" method="post">
         <div id="addBook">
             <h2>添加图书</h2>
         <div class="title">
             <label>请输入书名：</label>
             <input type="text" name="title">
         </div>
         <div class="price">
             <label>请输入定价：</label>
             <input type="text" name="price">
         </div>
         <div class="publisher">
             <label>请输入出版社：</label>
             <input type="text" name="publisher">
         </div>
         <div class="marketPrice">
             <label>请输入市场价：</label>
             <input type="text" name="marketPrice">
         </div>
             <input type="submit" value="添加图书">
         </div>
     </form>
 </body>
 </html>

2): 编写 show.html文件

     <!DOCTYPE html>
     <html lang="en">
     <head>
         <meta charset="UTF-8">
         <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
         <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
         <title>图书查询系统</title>
         <style>
             a{
                 text-decoration: none;
                 color: #000;
             }
             #selectBook{
                 width: 840px;
                
             }
             #selectBook .op{
                 width: 100%;
                 height: 40px;
                 border: 1px solid red;
                 overflow: hidden;
             }
             #selectBook .op div{
                 width: 278px;
                 height: 38px;
                 border: 1px solid red;
                 float: left;
                 text-align: center;
                 padding-top: 10px;
                 background-color: #ccc;
                 color: #888;
           
             }
             #showTable{
                 width: 840px;
                 margin-top: 10px;
             }
             #showTable>tr{
                 width: 100%;
             }
             #showTable tr>th{
                 width: 131px;
                 height: 30px;
                 text-align: center;
                 border: 1px solid #ccc;
                 background-color: rgb(21, 159, 132);
                 color: #000;
         }
             #showTable tr>td{
                 width: 108px;
                 height: 30px;
                 border: 1px solid #ccc;
                 text-align: center;
                 background-color: rgb(21, 159, 132);
                 color: #000;
             }
            
            
            

            
        

        

         </style>
     </head>
     <body>
         <div id="selectBook">
             <div class="op">
                 <div>
                    
                     <input type="button" id="add" name="add" value="添加图书" onclick="location.href='http://192.168.0.240:5000/bookstore/add_book'">
                 </div>
                 <div>
                    
                     <input type="button" id="remove" name="remove" value="删除图书">
                 </div>
                 <div>
                    
                     <input type="button" id="update" name="update" value="修改图书">
                 </div>

             </div>
             <div id="showTable">
                 <table>
                     <tr>
                         <th>id</th>
                         <th>书名</th>
                         <th>出版社</th>
                         <th>定价</th>
                         <th>市场价</th>
                         <th>删除</th>
                         <th>更改</th>
                     </tr>
                     {% for abook in books %}
                     <tr>
                         <td>{{ abook.id }}</td>
                     <td>{{ abook.title }}</td>
                     <td>{{ abook.publisher }}</td>
                     <td>{{ abook.price }}</td>
                     <td>{{ abook.market_price }}</td>
                     <td><a href='http://192.168.0.240/bookstore/remove/{{ abook.id }}'>删除</a></td>
                     <td><a href='http://192.168.0.240/bookstore/mod/{{ abook.id }}'>更改</a></td>
                 </tr>
                 {% endfor %}

                 </table>
             </div>
     </body>
     </html>

8: 在bookstore文件下找到views.py文件，创建add.view函数

    from django.shortcuts import render
    from django.http import HttpResponse
    from . import models
    # Create your views here.
    def add_book_view(request):
         #调用models中Book生成对象,用Book 中的objects create 方法来操作对象
         try:
             abook = models.Book.objects.create(
                 title="python",
                 price=88.88,
                 market_price=99.99,
                 publisher="黄编市场"
             )
             return HttpResponse("图书添加成功！")
         except Exception as err:
         return HttpResponse("图书添加失败！") 
          为了方便操作我们编写图形化界面来完成对数据库的增删改查：
        if request.method == "GET":
            return render(request, "bookstore/add_book.html")
        elif request.method == "POST":
            title = request.POST.get("title")
            price = request.POST.get("price")
            market_price = request.POST.get("market_price")
            publisher = request.POST.get("publisher")
            try: 
                abook = models.Book.objects.create(
                    title = title,
                    price = price,
                    market_price = market_price,
                    publisher = publisher
                )
                return HttpResponse("图书添加!")
            except:
                return HttpResponse("图书添加失败！")

9：在bookstore文件找到views.py编写show.view函数

    def show_view(request):
    books = models.Book.objects.all()
    return render(request, "bookstore/show.html", locals())

10：添加分布式路由:

1): 在bookstore文件夹中创建urls.py文件

from django.urls import path 
from django.urls import re_path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    path(r'add_book', views.add_book_view),
    path(r'show', views.show_view),   
]

2)在mysite文件夹中找到urls.py文件创建路由：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.urls import re_path
from django.urls import include
import bookstore
urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path(r'bookstore/', include("bookstore.urls"))
    ]