ralp的nginx从入门到跑路---05 nginx的代理服务（正向代理）

Nginx 代理服务概述

1.porxy server
代理服务器（Proxy Server），其功能就是代理网络用户去取得网络信息。形象的说：
它是网络信息的中转站。代理服务器就好象一个大的 Cache，这样就能显著提高浏览速度和效率。更重要的是：Proxy Server（代理服务器）是 Internet 链路级网关所提供的一种重要的安全功能，主要的功能有：

• 突破自身 IP 访问限制，访问国外站点。教育网、过去的 169 网等
• 提高访问速度
• 隐藏真实 IP：上网者也可以通过这种方法隐藏自己的 IP，免受攻击。

代理服务器分类

• HTTP 代理
• VPN 代理
• 反向代理
• FTP 代理
• POP3 代理

最为常见的就是 HTTP 代理、vpn 代理、反向代理这三类

正向代理与反向代理区别

正向代理代理的对象是客户端

反向代理代理的对象是服务端

Nginx 代理配置语法

Syntax: proxy_pass URL;
Default: —
Context: location

Proxy 常见配置项具体配置如下:

proxy_redirect default;
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_connect_timeout 30;
proxy_send_timeout 60;
proxy_read_timeout 60;
proxy_buffer_size 32k;
proxy_buffering on;
proxy_buffers 4 128k;
proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k;
proxy_max_temp_file_size 256k;

正向代理服务器的 具体配置：

server {
    listen 8003;
    resolver 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8;
    location /{
      proxy_pass http://$http_host$request_uri; }
    }
// proxy_pass http://$http_host$request_uri;
表示 代理服务器的访问IP，上网的服务器要访问什么网站，这里就访问啥。

在一个服务器上的浏览器设置代理

然后任意访问 同时查看代理服务器的日志文件

[root@ralph conf.d]# tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log 
14.127.120.152 - - [02/Oct/2019:17:56:53 +0800] "GET http://imop.i.51rs.cn/newts/dl/dot0.png HTTP/1.1" 200 173 "http://t.imop.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0" "-"
14.127.120.152 - - [02/Oct/2019:17:56:53 +0800] "GET http://imop.i.51rs.cn/newts/dl/loginbg.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 8531 "http://t.imop.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0" "-"
14.127.120.152 - - [02/Oct/2019:17:56:53 +0800] "GET http://imop.i.51rs.cn/newts/dl/iptbg.png HTTP/1.1" 200 410 "http://t.imop.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0" "-"
14.127.120.152 - - [02/Oct/2019:17:56:53 +0800] "GET http://imop.i.51rs.cn/newts/dl/cl.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 71322 "http://t.imop.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0" "-"
14.127.120.152 - - [02/Oct/2019:17:56:53 +0800] "GET http://imop.i.51rs.cn/newts/dl/rtabbg.png HTTP/1.1" 200 1715 "http://t.imop.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0" "-"
14.127.120.152 - - [02/Oct/2019:17:56:53 +0800] "GET http://imop.i.51rs.cn/imop/common/newimages/b_logo.png HTTP/1.1" 200 2236 "http://t.imop.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0" "-"
14.127.120.152 - - [02/Oct/2019:17:56:53 +0800] "GET http://imop.i.51rs.cn/imop/common/newimages/b_bg6.png HTTP/1.1" 200 2893 "http://t.imop.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0" "-"
14.127.120.152 - - [02/Oct/2019:17:56:53 +0800] "GET http://imop.i.51rs.cn/imop/common/newimages/b_bg5.png HTTP/1.1" 200 2870 "http://t.imop.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0" "-"
14.127.120.152 - - [02/Oct/2019:17:56:53 +0800] "GET http://imop.i.51rs.cn/newts/dl/pop_btn.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 1909 "http://t.imop.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0" "-"
14.127.120.152 - - [02/Oct/2019:17:56:53 +0800] "GET http://imop.i.51rs.cn/newts/dl/cr.jpg HTTP/1.1" 200 51244 "http://t.imop.com/" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0" "-"
14.127.120.152 - - [02/Oct/2019:17:57:36 +0800] "GET http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kw=%CC%EC%CA%E9%C6%E6%CC%B8&fr=ala0&tpl=5 HTTP/1.1" 301 0 "https://www.baidu.com/link?url=33mXiP0G0V-sKei4d2tsnq9ZkzQdhggc_lrZzyl4X2wxfWAHp6Tsy4eXoZl8AGkCpO28ZOney8zbqC5fbp_iEvdI-KauZqQV9sFp8-g524S&wd=&eqid=e48a4a6900077f43000000065d94745d" "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:60.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/60.0" "-"
47.99.192.167 - - [02/Oct/2019:17:57:49 +0800] "GET /msg.txt HTTP/1.1" 200 285 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.6.2333.33 Safari/537.36" "-"