SpringBoot读取配置的5种方式

最新推荐文章于 2025-12-04 14:54:23 发布

转载最新推荐文章于 2025-12-04 14:54:23 发布 · 9.3k 阅读

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#SpringBoot读取配置

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本文详细介绍SpringBoot中如何使用@Value, @ConfigurationProperties, Environment和@PropertySource注解读取application.yml或properties文件及自定义配置文件。通过示例展示不同注解的使用场景和方法。

读取application文件

在application.yml或者properties文件中添加：

info.address=USA
info.company=Spring
info.degree=high

@Value注解读取方式

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class InfoConfig1 {

    @Value("${info.address}")
    private String address;

    @Value("${info.company}")
    private String company;

    @Value("${info.degree}")
    private String degree;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getCompany() {
        return company;
    }

    public void setCompany(String company) {
        this.company = company;
    }

    public String getDegree() {
        return degree;
    }

    public void setDegree(String degree) {
        this.degree = degree;
    }

}

@ConfigurationProperties注解读取方式

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "info")
public class InfoConfig2 {

    private String address;
    private String company;
    private String degree;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getCompany() {
        return company;
    }

    public void setCompany(String company) {
        this.company = company;
    }

    public String getDegree() {
        return degree;
    }

    public void setDegree(String degree) {
        this.degree = degree;
    }

}

读取指定文件

资源目录下建立config/db-config.properties:

db.username=root
db.password=123456

@PropertySource+@Value注解读取方式

@Component
@PropertySource(value = { "config/db-config.properties" })
public class DBConfig1 {

    @Value("${db.username}")
    private String username;

    @Value("${db.password}")
    private String password;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

}

注意：@PropertySource不支持yml文件读取。

@PropertySource+@ConfigurationProperties注解读取方式

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "db")
@PropertySource(value = { "config/db-config.properties" })
public class DBConfig2 {

    private String username;
    private String password;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

}

Environment读取方式

以上所有加载出来的配置都可以通过Environment注入获取到。

@Autowired
private Environment env;

// 获取参数
String getProperty(String key);

总结

从以上示例来看，Spring Boot可以通过@PropertySource,@Value,@Environment,@ConfigurationProperties来绑定变量。
原文链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/982e36f42c67