SpringMVC学习笔记

最新推荐文章于 2024-12-16 20:38:22 发布

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本文详细介绍了如何搭建一个简单的SpringMVC环境，包括配置DispatcherServlet、设置静态资源路径、配置视图解析器等步骤。

最近复习了一下SpringMVC，感觉很久不用很多知识点都忘的差不多了。所以打算还是记录一下怎么搭一个建议SpringMVC环境出来。

1、首先要配置SpringMVC的调度器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"  
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">  
 	
 	<display-name>springmvc</display-name>
 	<!-- 指定ApplicationContext的配置信息的路径，不指定默认为/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml -->
	  <context-param>
	  		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
	        <param-value>  
	            classpath*:config/applicationContext.xml  
	        </param-value>
	  </context-param>
  
  <!-- 配置springmvc转发器 -->
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  		<param-value>classpath*:config/springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  	<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>	
  </servlet>
   <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  	<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!-- 编码 -->
  <filter>
  	<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
  	<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>encoding</param-name>
  		<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
  		<param-value>true</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  </filter>
  
   <filter-mapping>
  	<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
  	<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
   <!-- ContextLoaderListener监听器的作用就是启动Web容器时，自动装配ApplicationContext的配置信息 -->
  <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
   </listener>
 
  
</web-app>

所有浏览器对服务端的请求都会先通过DispatcherServlet调度。同时我们指定SpringMVC对应的配置文件为springmvc-servlet.xml，在这个文件里面进行一些静态资源范文配置，Controller扫描注入。

2、springmvc-servlet.xml，主要是SpringMVC的一些基本配置信息

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/task 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
     	http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd">
		
	
	<mvc:annotation-driven />
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.springmvc.controller"/>
    
    <!-- 设置静态资源的路径，因为web.xml中的DispatcherServlet会拦截所有请求，默认路径是src/main/webapp/ -->
	<mvc:resources mapping="/jsp/**" location="/jsp/"/>
	<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/" />

	<!-- 配置视图解析器，返回的链接地址会加上前缀和后缀，如返回login,最终浏览器请求/jsp/login.jsp -->
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
		<property name="prefix" value="/jsp/"/>
		<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
	</bean>

	<!-- 文件上传处理 -->
	<!-- <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
		 <property name="maxUploadSize" value="1572846"/>
		 <property name="resolveLazily" value="true"/>      
	</bean> -->

</beans>

3、applicationContext.xml，现在暂时没什么用处。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
	xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" 
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
	xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/task 
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.2.xsd
     http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo 
     http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd">
	<!-- properties加载 -->
    <bean id="configProperties" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean">
        <property name="locations">
            <list>
                <value>classpath*:*.properties</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!-- spring变量替换 -->
    <bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PreferencesPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="properties" ref="configProperties"/>
    </bean>
	
</beans>

4、新建一个controller类，注意package路径要和springmvc-servlet.xml配置的包扫描路径相同。

package com.springmvc.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/user")
public class UserController {
	
	@RequestMapping(value="/login",method=RequestMethod.GET)
	public String login(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response){
		return "/login";
	}
	
	@RequestMapping(value="/loginCheck",method=RequestMethod.POST)
	public ModelAndView loginCheck(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response){
		String username=request.getParameter("username");
		String password=request.getParameter("password");
		ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView();
		if("admin".equals(username)&&"123456".equals(password)){
			modelAndView.addObject("username", username);
			modelAndView.setViewName("/success");
		}else{
			modelAndView.addObject("errorMsg", "用户名和密码错误");
			modelAndView.setViewName("/login");
		}
		return modelAndView;
	}
}

5、最后就是几个jsp页面了。

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
	String path = request.getContextPath();
	String basePath = request.getScheme() + "://"
			+ request.getServerName() + ":" + request.getServerPort()
			+ path;
%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="<%=basePath %>/js/jquery.min.js"></script>
</head>
<script type="text/javascript">
	$(function(){
		
		
		
	});
	function login(){
			var username=$("username").val();
			var password=$("password").val();
			console.info('哈哈哈');
			$("#loginForm").submit();
	}
	
</script>
<body>
	<form action="<%=basePath %>/user/loginCheck" method="post" name="loginForm" id="loginForm">
		<table>
			<tr>
				<td><label>用户名：</label></td>
				<td><input type="text" name="username" id="username"/></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td><label>密码：</label></td>
				<td><input type="password" name="password" id=password""/></td>
			</tr>
		</table>
		${errorMsg }<br/><br/>
		<a href="javascript:void(0)" style="text-decoration: none"><span style="border:1px solid grey;width:120px;height:35px;font-size:14px;font-weight: bold;padding:5px 10px 5px 10px;text-decoration: none;" onclick="login()">登录</span></a>
	</form>

</body>
</html>

success.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	${username },登陆成功！
	
</body>
</html>

6、项目结构图

其中pom.xml文件配置如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  
  <groupId>springmvc-learn</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc-learn</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  
  <name>springmvc-learn</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
   <!--  <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency> -->
    <dependency>
		<groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
		<artifactId>geronimo-servlet_2.4_spec</artifactId>
		<version>1.1.1</version>
		<!-- provided 范围。这个范围告诉 Mavenjar 文件已经由容器“提供”了，因此不再需要包含在 war 中。 -->
		<scope>provided</scope>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
		<groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
		<artifactId>geronimo-jsp_2.0_spec</artifactId>
		<version>1.1</version>
		<scope>provided</scope>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	    <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
	    <version>3.2.2.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
	    <version>3.2.2.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	    <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
	    <version>3.2.2.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	    <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
	    <version>3.2.2.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>
	<dependency>
	    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
	    <version>3.2.2.RELEASE</version>
	</dependency>
	
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>springmvc</finalName>
    <plugins>
    	<plugin>
    		<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
    		<artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>
    		<version>6.1.26</version>
    		   <configuration>
                    <webAppSourceDirectory>src/main/webapp</webAppSourceDirectory>
                    <scanIntervalSeconds>3</scanIntervalSeconds>
                    <contextPath>/</contextPath>
                    <connectors>
                        <connector implementation="org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector">
                            <port>9890</port>
                        </connector>
                    </connectors>
                </configuration>
    	</plugin>
    	 <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <port>9991</port>
                    <path>/springmvc</path>
                    <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
                    <finalName>springmvc</finalName>
                    <server>tomcat7</server>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
    	 	<plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.7</source>
                    <target>1.7</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
				<!-- 我们想将所有的依赖库都打包，直接交给用户，这样用户不需要在做其他设置了，这里需要使用Assembly插件了，其说明参考Pre-defined 
					Descriptor Files，这个参考文件也说明了有四种默认定义的打包方式，我们选择jar-with-dependencies，继续添加pom文件 -->
				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<descriptorRefs>
						<descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
					</descriptorRefs>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<additionalClasspathElements>
						<additionalClasspathElement>src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/conf</additionalClasspathElement>
					</additionalClasspathElements>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
    	</plugins>
    	<resources>
			<resource>
				<directory>src/main/java</directory>
				<includes>
					<include>**/*.xml</include>
					<include>**/*.flt</include>
				</includes>
			</resource>
			
			<resource>
				<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
				<includes>
					<include>**/*.xml</include>
					<include>**/*.properties</include>
				</includes>
			</resource>
		</resources>
  </build>
</project>

运行结果图：