本文深入讲解Windows编程中常用的控件，如按钮、编辑框、列表框等，介绍它们的使用方法及如何处理来自这些控件的消息。文章通过具体示例展示了如何创建不同类型的按钮、实现自绘按钮、调整窗口大小、获取环境变量等实用功能。
我们以一个窗口作为消息处理的主体，除了鼠标、键盘、定时器外，窗口中的子窗口发送的消息也可作为一种输入。当子窗口的自身处理消息，在必要时给父窗口发送消息，相当于父窗口的的高阶输入设备，这个称为"子视窗控制项"。常见的有：按钮、核取方块、编辑方块、清单方块、下拉式清单方块、字串标签和卷动列等，windows为这些基本项目都编写了默认的处理代码，我们只需要在主窗口中获取并处理（WM_COMMAND）消息就好了。
按钮是一类子视窗，使用方法如下：
/*----------------------------------------
BTNLOOK.C -- Button Look Program
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
----------------------------------------*/
#include <windows.h>
//定义按钮的风格和文本信息结构，并初始化
struct
{
int iStyle ;
TCHAR * szText ;
}
button[] =
{
BS_PUSHBUTTON, TEXT ("PUSHBUTTON"), //下压式按钮，也即普通按钮
BS_DEFPUSHBUTTON, TEXT ("DEFPUSHBUTTON"), //含自动选中状态的单选按钮,一个对话框中只能指定一个默认按钮
BS_CHECKBOX, TEXT ("CHECKBOX"), //复选按钮，不常用
BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, TEXT ("AUTOCHECKBOX"), //含自动选中状态的复选按钮
BS_RADIOBUTTON, TEXT ("RADIOBUTTON"), //单选按钮，不常用
BS_3STATE, TEXT ("3STATE"), //含自动选中状态的三态复选按钮
BS_AUTO3STATE, TEXT ("AUTO3STATE"), //三态复选按钮，不常用
BS_GROUPBOX, TEXT ("GROUPBOX"), //组框
BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, TEXT ("AUTORADIO"), //含自动选中状态的单选按钮
BS_OWNERDRAW, TEXT ("OWNERDRAW") //自绘式按钮
} ;
#define NUM (sizeof button / sizeof button[0])
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
//建立窗口框架
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("BtnLook") ;
HWND hwnd ;
MSG msg ;
WNDCLASS wndclass ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
return 0 ;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Button Look"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}
//窗口消息处理
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static HWND hwndButton[NUM] ; //子窗口句柄
static RECT rect ;
static TCHAR szTop[] = TEXT ("message wParam lParam"),
szUnd[] = TEXT ("_______ ______ ______"),
szFormat[] = TEXT ("%-16s%04X-%04X %04X-%04X"),
szBuffer[50] ;
static int cxChar, cyChar ;
HDC hdc ;
PAINTSTRUCT ps ;
int i ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE : //创建窗口的时候建立子窗体（各种风格的按钮）
// 获取字体大小，函数GetDialogBaseUnits只在对话框中起作用正常窗体还用的GetTextMetrics
cxChar = LOWORD (GetDialogBaseUnits ()) ;
cyChar = HIWORD (GetDialogBaseUnits ()) ;
//创建按钮
for (i = 0 ; i < NUM ; i++)
hwndButton[i] = CreateWindow ( TEXT("button"), //类别名称
button[i].szText, //文字
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | button[i].iStyle, //视窗样式
cxChar, cyChar * (1 + 2 * i), //位置
20 * cxChar, 7 * cyChar / 4, //宽高
hwnd, //父视窗句柄
(HMENU) i, //子视窗ID
((LPCREATESTRUCT) lParam)->hInstance, //程序句柄
NULL) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_SIZE : //窗口大小改变
//设置文字输出区域
rect.left = 24 * cxChar ;
rect.top = 2 * cyChar ;
rect.right = LOWORD (lParam) ;
rect.bottom = HIWORD (lParam) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_PAINT : //绘图输出消息列表的表头
InvalidateRect (hwnd, &rect, TRUE) ;
hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
SelectObject (hdc, GetStockObject (SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT)) ;
SetBkMode (hdc, TRANSPARENT) ;
TextOut (hdc, 24 * cxChar, cyChar, szTop, lstrlen (szTop)) ;
TextOut (hdc, 24 * cxChar, cyChar, szUnd, lstrlen (szUnd)) ;
EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_DRAWITEM : //子窗口自绘消息
case WM_COMMAND : //响应子视窗消息
//令窗口在rect中向上滚动cyChar
ScrollWindow (hwnd, 0, -cyChar, &rect, &rect) ;
//获取dc，并选入SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT字体
hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ;
SelectObject (hdc, GetStockObject (SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT)) ;
//在最后一行输出消息类型和参数
TextOut (hdc, 24 * cxChar, cyChar * (rect.bottom / cyChar - 1),
szBuffer,
wsprintf (szBuffer, szFormat,
message == WM_DRAWITEM ? TEXT ("WM_DRAWITEM") : TEXT ("WM_COMMAND"),
HIWORD (wParam), LOWORD (wParam),
HIWORD (lParam), LOWORD (lParam))) ;
//释放DC，并刷新界面
ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ;
ValidateRect (hwnd, &rect) ;
break ;
case WM_DESTROY : //销毁窗口
PostQuitMessage (0) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
通知码说明如下：
而父窗口也可以向子窗口发送信息，来控制或获得子窗口，消息如下：
父窗口中通常使用下列方法来控制子窗口：
//通过句柄获取id
id = GetWindowLong (hwndChild, GWL_ID) ;
id = GetDlgCtrlID (hwndChild) ;
//通过id获取句柄
hwndChild = GetDlgItem (hwndParent, id) ;
//模拟按下按钮和不再按下
SendMessage (hwndButton, BM_SETSTATE, 1, 0) ;
SendMessage (hwndButton, BM_SETSTATE, 0, 0) ;
//发送选中和不再选中信息（单选，复选）
SendMessage (hwndButton, BM_SETCHECK, 1, 0) ;
SendMessage (hwndButton, BM_SETCHECK, 0, 0) ;
//获取是否选中
iCheck = (int) SendMessage (hwndButton, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) ;
//获得和设置子窗口的文本信息
SetWindowText (hwnd, pszString) ;
iLength = GetWindowText (hwnd, pszBuffer, iMaxLength) ;
iLength = GetWindowTextLength (hwnd) ;
//设置和获得是否可见
ShowWindow (hwndChild, SW_SHOWNORMAL) ;
ShowWindow (hwndChild, SW_HIDE) ;
IsWindowVisible (hwndChild) ;
//设置和获得是否可用
EnableWindow (hwndChild, FALSE) ;
EnableWindow (hwndChild, TRUE) ;
IsWindowEnabled (hwndChild) ;
//设置焦点
SetFocus (hwnd) ;
//设置背景和文字颜色
SetBkColor (hdc, GetSysColor (COLOR_BTNFACE)) ;
SetTextColor (hdc, GetSysColor (COLOR_WINDOWTEXT)) ;/*---------------------------------------------
OWNDRAW.C -- Owner-Draw Button Demo Program
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
---------------------------------------------*/
#include <windows.h>
//定义两个窗口ID
#define ID_SMALLER 1
#define ID_LARGER 2
//按钮宽高为字体的宽高8倍和4倍
#define BTN_WIDTH (8 * cxChar)
#define BTN_HEIGHT (4 * cyChar)
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
HINSTANCE hInst ;
//建立框架
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("OwnDraw") ;
MSG msg ;
HWND hwnd ;
WNDCLASS wndclass ;
hInst = hInstance ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = szAppName ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
return 0 ;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Owner-Draw Button Demo"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}
//画黑色三角形
void Triangle (HDC hdc, POINT pt[])
{
SelectObject (hdc, GetStockObject (BLACK_BRUSH)) ;
Polygon (hdc, pt, 3) ;
SelectObject (hdc, GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH)) ;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static HWND hwndSmaller, hwndLarger ;
static int cxClient, cyClient, cxChar, cyChar ;
int cx, cy ;
LPDRAWITEMSTRUCT pdis ;
POINT pt[3] ;
RECT rc ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE :
//字体宽高
cxChar = LOWORD (GetDialogBaseUnits ()) ;
cyChar = HIWORD (GetDialogBaseUnits ()) ;
// 创建两个BS_OWNERDRAW风格的按钮
hwndSmaller = CreateWindow (TEXT ("button"), TEXT (""),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_OWNERDRAW,
0, 0, BTN_WIDTH, BTN_HEIGHT,
hwnd, (HMENU) ID_SMALLER, hInst, NULL) ;
hwndLarger = CreateWindow (TEXT ("button"), TEXT (""),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_OWNERDRAW,
0, 0, BTN_WIDTH, BTN_HEIGHT,
hwnd, (HMENU) ID_LARGER, hInst, NULL) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_SIZE :
//获取窗体大小
cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
// 把按钮设置到最中心
MoveWindow (hwndSmaller, cxClient / 2 - 3 * BTN_WIDTH / 2,
cyClient / 2 - BTN_HEIGHT / 2,
BTN_WIDTH, BTN_HEIGHT, TRUE) ;
MoveWindow (hwndLarger, cxClient / 2 + BTN_WIDTH / 2,
cyClient / 2 - BTN_HEIGHT / 2,
BTN_WIDTH, BTN_HEIGHT, TRUE) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_COMMAND :
GetWindowRect (hwnd, &rc) ;
// 判断点击的是那个窗口来决定放大还是缩小
switch (wParam)
{
case ID_SMALLER :
rc.left += cxClient / 20 ;
rc.right -= cxClient / 20 ;
rc.top += cyClient / 20 ;
rc.bottom -= cyClient / 20 ;
break ;
case ID_LARGER :
rc.left -= cxClient / 20 ;
rc.right += cxClient / 20 ;
rc.top -= cyClient / 20 ;
rc.bottom += cyClient / 20 ;
break ;
}
//改变窗口大小
MoveWindow (hwnd, rc.left, rc.top, rc.right - rc.left,
rc.bottom - rc.top, TRUE) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_DRAWITEM : //BS_OWNERDRAW风格的自绘消息
pdis = (LPDRAWITEMSTRUCT) lParam ;
//填充背景和画边框
FillRect (pdis->hDC, &pdis->rcItem,
(HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH)) ;
FrameRect (pdis->hDC, &pdis->rcItem,
(HBRUSH) GetStockObject (BLACK_BRUSH)) ;
//获取子窗口的宽度
cx = pdis->rcItem.right - pdis->rcItem.left ;
cy = pdis->rcItem.bottom - pdis->rcItem.top ;
switch (pdis->CtlID)
{
case ID_SMALLER : //若是缩小按钮
pt[0].x = 3 * cx / 8 ; pt[0].y = 1 * cy / 8 ;
pt[1].x = 5 * cx / 8 ; pt[1].y = 1 * cy / 8 ;
pt[2].x = 4 * cx / 8 ; pt[2].y = 3 * cy / 8 ;
Triangle (pdis->hDC, pt) ;
pt[0].x = 7 * cx / 8 ; pt[0].y = 3 * cy / 8 ;
pt[1].x = 7 * cx / 8 ; pt[1].y = 5 * cy / 8 ;
pt[2].x = 5 * cx / 8 ; pt[2].y = 4 * cy / 8 ;
Triangle (pdis->hDC, pt) ;
pt[0].x = 5 * cx / 8 ; pt[0].y = 7 * cy / 8 ;
pt[1].x = 3 * cx / 8 ; pt[1].y = 7 * cy / 8 ;
pt[2].x = 4 * cx / 8 ; pt[2].y = 5 * cy / 8 ;
Triangle (pdis->hDC, pt) ;
pt[0].x = 1 * cx / 8 ; pt[0].y = 5 * cy / 8 ;
pt[1].x = 1 * cx / 8 ; pt[1].y = 3 * cy / 8 ;
pt[2].x = 3 * cx / 8 ; pt[2].y = 4 * cy / 8 ;
Triangle (pdis->hDC, pt) ;
break ;
case ID_LARGER : //若是放大按钮
pt[0].x = 5 * cx / 8 ; pt[0].y = 3 * cy / 8 ;
pt[1].x = 3 * cx / 8 ; pt[1].y = 3 * cy / 8 ;
pt[2].x = 4 * cx / 8 ; pt[2].y = 1 * cy / 8 ;
Triangle (pdis->hDC, pt) ;
pt[0].x = 5 * cx / 8 ; pt[0].y = 5 * cy / 8 ;
pt[1].x = 5 * cx / 8 ; pt[1].y = 3 * cy / 8 ;
pt[2].x = 7 * cx / 8 ; pt[2].y = 4 * cy / 8 ;
Triangle (pdis->hDC, pt) ;
pt[0].x = 3 * cx / 8 ; pt[0].y = 5 * cy / 8 ;
pt[1].x = 5 * cx / 8 ; pt[1].y = 5 * cy / 8 ;
pt[2].x = 4 * cx / 8 ; pt[2].y = 7 * cy / 8 ;
Triangle (pdis->hDC, pt) ;
pt[0].x = 3 * cx / 8 ; pt[0].y = 3 * cy / 8 ;
pt[1].x = 3 * cx / 8 ; pt[1].y = 5 * cy / 8 ;
pt[2].x = 1 * cx / 8 ; pt[2].y = 4 * cy / 8 ;
Triangle (pdis->hDC, pt) ;
break ;
}
// Invert the rectangle if the button is selected
//判断是否按下，若按下则整个按钮设为反色
if (pdis->itemState & ODS_SELECTED)
InvertRect (pdis->hDC, &pdis->rcItem) ;
// Draw a focus rectangle if the button has the focus
// 判断是否有焦点，若有焦点则画焦点矩形
if (pdis->itemState & ODS_FOCUS)
{
pdis->rcItem.left += cx / 16 ;
pdis->rcItem.top += cy / 16 ;
pdis->rcItem.right -= cx / 16 ;
pdis->rcItem.bottom -= cy / 16 ;
DrawFocusRect (pdis->hDC, &pdis->rcItem) ;
}
return 0 ;
case WM_DESTROY :
PostQuitMessage (0) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}/*----------------------------------------
COLORS1.C -- Colors Using Scroll Bars
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
----------------------------------------*/
#include <windows.h>
//声明窗口处理函数和滚动条消息的处理函数
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
LRESULT CALLBACK ScrollProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
//被设为焦点的子窗id，和原先的滚动条回调函数
int idFocus ;
WNDPROC OldScroll[3] ;
//建立框架
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("Colors1") ;
HWND hwnd ;
MSG msg ;
WNDCLASS wndclass ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = CreateSolidBrush (0) ; //背景为白色
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
return 0 ;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Color Scroll"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static COLORREF crPrim[3] = { RGB (255, 0, 0), RGB (0, 255, 0),
RGB (0, 0, 255) } ; //三原色
static HBRUSH hBrush[3], hBrushStatic ; //三个画刷
static HWND hwndScroll[3], hwndLabel[3], hwndValue[3], hwndRect ; //滚动条，title，值，方块的子窗口句柄
static int color[3], cyChar ;
static RECT rcColor ;
static TCHAR * szColorLabel[] = { TEXT ("Red"), TEXT ("Green"),
TEXT ("Blue") } ;
HINSTANCE hInstance ;
int i, cxClient, cyClient ;
TCHAR szBuffer[10] ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE : //创建窗口
hInstance = (HINSTANCE) GetWindowLong (hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE) ;
// Create the white-rectangle window against which the
// scroll bars will be positioned. The child window ID is 9.
//创建一个SS_WHITERECT空白的static子窗口
hwndRect = CreateWindow (TEXT ("static"), NULL,
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_WHITERECT,
0, 0, 0, 0,
hwnd, (HMENU) 9, hInstance, NULL) ;
for (i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++)
{
// The three scroll bars have IDs 0, 1, and 2, with
// scroll bar ranges from 0 through 255.
//创建三个SBS_VERT竖立的滚动条
hwndScroll[i] = CreateWindow (TEXT ("scrollbar"), NULL,
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE |
WS_TABSTOP | SBS_VERT,
0, 0, 0, 0,
hwnd, (HMENU) i, hInstance, NULL) ;
//设置范围和初始值
SetScrollRange (hwndScroll[i], SB_CTL, 0, 255, FALSE) ;
SetScrollPos (hwndScroll[i], SB_CTL, 0, FALSE) ;
// The three color-name labels have IDs 3, 4, and 5,
// and text strings "Red", "Green", and "Blue".
//创建三个static子控件作为说明
hwndLabel [i] = CreateWindow (TEXT ("static"), szColorLabel[i],
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTER,
0, 0, 0, 0,
hwnd, (HMENU) (i + 3),
hInstance, NULL) ;
// The three color-value text fields have IDs 6, 7,
// and 8, and initial text strings of "0".
//创建三个static显示各自滚动条所表示的RGB值
hwndValue [i] = CreateWindow (TEXT ("static"), TEXT ("0"),
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTER,
0, 0, 0, 0,
hwnd, (HMENU) (i + 6),
hInstance, NULL) ;
//将滚动条的处理函数设置为ScrollProc，并将原先的处理函数保存到OldScroll中
OldScroll[i] = (WNDPROC) SetWindowLong (hwndScroll[i],
GWL_WNDPROC, (LONG) ScrollProc) ;
//创建三个原色的画刷
hBrush[i] = CreateSolidBrush (crPrim[i]) ;
}
//创建画刷
hBrushStatic = CreateSolidBrush (
GetSysColor (COLOR_BTNHIGHLIGHT)) ;
//字体高度
cyChar = HIWORD (GetDialogBaseUnits ()) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_SIZE : //窗口大小改变时重设子控件位置
cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ;
cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ;
SetRect (&rcColor, cxClient / 2, 0, cxClient, cyClient) ;
MoveWindow (hwndRect, 0, 0, cxClient / 2, cyClient, TRUE) ;
for (i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++)
{
MoveWindow (hwndScroll[i],
(2 * i + 1) * cxClient / 14, 2 * cyChar,
cxClient / 14, cyClient - 4 * cyChar, TRUE) ;
MoveWindow (hwndLabel[i],
(4 * i + 1) * cxClient / 28, cyChar / 2,
cxClient / 7, cyChar, TRUE) ;
MoveWindow (hwndValue[i],
(4 * i + 1) * cxClient / 28,
cyClient - 3 * cyChar / 2,
cxClient / 7, cyChar, TRUE) ;
}
SetFocus (hwnd) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_SETFOCUS ://将焦点设置为某个滚动条
SetFocus (hwndScroll[idFocus]) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_VSCROLL : //当滚动条滚动时
//获取子控件id
i = GetWindowLong ((HWND) lParam, GWL_ID) ;
//计算滚动条的值
switch (LOWORD (wParam))
{
case SB_PAGEDOWN :
color[i] += 15 ;
// fall through
case SB_LINEDOWN :
color[i] = min (255, color[i] + 1) ;
break ;
case SB_PAGEUP :
color[i] -= 15 ;
// fall through
case SB_LINEUP :
color[i] = max (0, color[i] - 1) ;
break ;
case SB_TOP :
color[i] = 0 ;
break ;
case SB_BOTTOM :
color[i] = 255 ;
break ;
case SB_THUMBPOSITION :
case SB_THUMBTRACK :
color[i] = HIWORD (wParam) ;
break ;
default :
break ;
}
//设置滚动条位置，并设置static的文本信息
SetScrollPos (hwndScroll[i], SB_CTL, color[i], TRUE) ;
wsprintf (szBuffer, TEXT ("%i"), color[i]) ;
SetWindowText (hwndValue[i], szBuffer) ;
//重设方块的背景画刷
DeleteObject ((HBRUSH)
SetClassLong (hwnd, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND, (LONG)
CreateSolidBrush (RGB (color[0], color[1], color[2])))) ;
InvalidateRect (hwnd, &rcColor, TRUE) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_CTLCOLORSCROLLBAR : //画滚动条时返回滚动条的背景画刷
i = GetWindowLong ((HWND) lParam, GWL_ID) ;
return (LRESULT) hBrush[i] ;
case WM_CTLCOLORSTATIC : //标题和值static控件的文本和背景颜色
i = GetWindowLong ((HWND) lParam, GWL_ID) ;
if (i >= 3 && i <= 8) // static text controls
{
SetTextColor ((HDC) wParam, crPrim[i % 3]) ;
SetBkColor ((HDC) wParam, GetSysColor (COLOR_BTNHIGHLIGHT));
return (LRESULT) hBrushStatic ;
}
break ;
case WM_SYSCOLORCHANGE : //系统颜色更改时
DeleteObject (hBrushStatic) ;
hBrushStatic = CreateSolidBrush (GetSysColor (COLOR_BTNHIGHLIGHT)) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_DESTROY : //窗口销毁时清理创建的object
DeleteObject ((HBRUSH)
SetClassLong (hwnd, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND, (LONG)
GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH))) ;
for (i = 0 ; i < 3 ; i++)
DeleteObject (hBrush[i]) ;
DeleteObject (hBrushStatic) ;
PostQuitMessage (0) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK ScrollProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message,
WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
int id = GetWindowLong (hwnd, GWL_ID) ;
//通过键盘来改变焦点
switch (message)
{
case WM_KEYDOWN :
if (wParam == VK_TAB)
SetFocus (GetDlgItem (GetParent (hwnd),
(id + (GetKeyState (VK_SHIFT) < 0 ? 2 : 1)) % 3)) ;
break ;
case WM_SETFOCUS :
idFocus = id ;
break ;
}
return CallWindowProc (OldScroll[id], hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
而父窗口通过如下接口控制edit：
//剪切，复制，删除，黏贴
SendMessage (hwndEdit, WM_CUT, 0, 0) ;
SendMessage (hwndEdit, WM_COPY, 0, 0) ;
SendMessage (hwndEdit, WM_CLEAR, 0, 0) ;
SendMessage (hwndEdit, WM_PASTE, 0, 0) ;
//获取和设置选择区域
SendMessage (hwndEdit, EM_GETSEL, (WPARAM) &iStart, (LPARAM) &iEnd) ;
SendMessage (hwndEdit, EM_SETSEL, iStart, iEnd) ;
//替换文字
SendMessage (hwndEdit, EM_REPLACESEL, 0, (LPARAM) szString) ;
//取得行数
iCount = SendMessage (hwndEdit, EM_GETLINECOUNT, 0, 0) ;
//取得光标对于行头的编译量
iOffset = SendMessage (hwndEdit, EM_LINEINDEX, iLine, 0) ;
//取得当前行的长度
iLength = SendMessage (hwndEdit, EM_LINELENGTH, iLine, 0) ;
//取得获取当前行到缓冲区
iLength = SendMessage (hwndEdit, EM_GETLINE, iLine, (LPARAM) szBuffer) ;/*----------------------------------------
ENVIRON.C -- Environment List Box
(c) Charles Petzold, 1998
----------------------------------------*/
#include <windows.h>
#define ID_LIST 1
#define ID_TEXT 2
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ;
//主函数建立框架
int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow)
{
static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("Environ") ;
HWND hwnd ;
MSG msg ;
WNDCLASS wndclass ;
wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ;
wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ;
wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ;
wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ;
wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ;
wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ;
wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) (COLOR_WINDOW + 1) ;
wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ;
wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ;
if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass))
{
MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"),
szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ;
return 0 ;
}
hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Environment List Box"),
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ;
ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ;
UpdateWindow (hwnd) ;
while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg) ;
DispatchMessage (&msg) ;
}
return msg.wParam ;
}
//填充listbox
void FillListBox (HWND hwndList)
{
int iLength ;
TCHAR * pVarBlock, * pVarBeg, * pVarEnd, * pVarName ;
// 获取环境变量
pVarBlock = GetEnvironmentStrings () ; // Get pointer to environment block
// 拆分字符串
while (*pVarBlock)
{
if (*pVarBlock != '=') // Skip variable names beginning with '='
{
pVarBeg = pVarBlock ; // Beginning of variable name
while (*pVarBlock++ != '=') ; // Scan until '='
pVarEnd = pVarBlock - 1 ; // Points to '=' sign
iLength = pVarEnd - pVarBeg ; // Length of variable name
// Allocate memory for the variable name and terminating
// zero. Copy the variable name and append a zero.
pVarName = calloc (iLength + 1, sizeof (TCHAR)) ;
CopyMemory (pVarName, pVarBeg, iLength * sizeof (TCHAR)) ;
pVarName[iLength] = '\0' ;
// Put the variable name in the list box and free memory.
// 添加到listbox中
SendMessage (hwndList, LB_ADDSTRING, 0, (LPARAM) pVarName) ;
free (pVarName) ;
}
while (*pVarBlock++ != '\0') ; // Scan until terminating zero
}
FreeEnvironmentStrings (pVarBlock) ;
}
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
static HWND hwndList, hwndText ;
int iIndex, iLength, cxChar, cyChar ;
TCHAR * pVarName, * pVarValue ;
switch (message)
{
case WM_CREATE :
cxChar = LOWORD (GetDialogBaseUnits ()) ;
cyChar = HIWORD (GetDialogBaseUnits ()) ;
// Create listbox and static text windows.
hwndList = CreateWindow (TEXT ("listbox"), NULL,
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | LBS_STANDARD,
cxChar, cyChar * 3,
cxChar * 16 + GetSystemMetrics (SM_CXVSCROLL),
cyChar * 5,
hwnd, (HMENU) ID_LIST,
(HINSTANCE) GetWindowLong (hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE),
NULL) ;
hwndText = CreateWindow (TEXT ("static"), NULL,
WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_LEFT,
cxChar, cyChar,
GetSystemMetrics (SM_CXSCREEN), cyChar,
hwnd, (HMENU) ID_TEXT,
(HINSTANCE) GetWindowLong (hwnd, GWL_HINSTANCE),
NULL) ;
//填充listbox
FillListBox (hwndList) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_SETFOCUS :
SetFocus (hwndList) ;
return 0 ;
case WM_COMMAND :
if (LOWORD (wParam) == ID_LIST && HIWORD (wParam) == LBN_SELCHANGE)
{
// Get current selection.
// 获取选中行，选中行的文本长度，根据长度申请内存，获取选中行的文本
iIndex = SendMessage (hwndList, LB_GETCURSEL, 0, 0) ;
iLength = SendMessage (hwndList, LB_GETTEXTLEN, iIndex, 0) + 1 ;
pVarName = calloc (iLength, sizeof (TCHAR)) ;
SendMessage (hwndList, LB_GETTEXT, iIndex, (LPARAM) pVarName) ;
// Get environment string.
// 获取环境变量内容
iLength = GetEnvironmentVariable (pVarName, NULL, 0) ;
pVarValue = calloc (iLength, sizeof (TCHAR)) ;
GetEnvironmentVariable (pVarName, pVarValue, iLength) ;
// Show it in window.
SetWindowText (hwndText, pVarValue) ;
free (pVarName) ;
free (pVarValue) ;
}
return 0 ;
case WM_DESTROY :
PostQuitMessage (0) ;
return 0 ;
}
return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ;
}
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