Apache静态编译与动态编译详解

最新推荐文章于 2020-08-18 08:24:59 发布
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本文详细介绍了Apache模块的静态编译与动态编译方式的区别、如何通过配置参数进行选择，以及各种模块的启用与禁用方法。包括模块类型、操作方式、参数解释等内容，帮助开发者更好地理解并应用Apache模块。
转自：http://blog.snsgou.com/post-240.html

Apache拥有4层结构，从核心到外层的module。而外层的module可以用通过静态和动态两种方式与Apache共同工作。这也就引入下文的“动态”和“静态”两种编译安装方式：
静态编译：
编译的时候，所有的模块自己编译进 httpd 这个文件中 ，启动Apache的时候这些模块就已经加载进来了，可以直接来使用，而不用再
httpd.conf 中在 LoadModule 来加载，只要在 <ifmodule></ifmodule> 中来配置就可以了。
动态编译：
编译的时候，使用enable-MODULE=shared 或者enable-mods-shared=MODULE来动态编译。 动态显然就不编译到httpd里面去了，启动的时候根本不会加载这个模块， 而是给你一个module.so 文件。你想用，就在httpd.conf中使用 loadmodule 这个语法来加载，这个模块才有效。
区别是：
静态的模块通常在http.conf中用<ifmodule></ifmodule> 来配置，动态的要先loadmoule来加载，然后再<ifmodule></ifmodule>配置。
官方说静态的比动态的在性能方面多5%左右。
相对来说，静态的效率高些，而动态方式配置方面灵活。想想如果编译进去的C这个module你想升级或者去掉，静态方式的就只能重新编译Apache了。
下面这句在Apache源文件夹下运行，可以查看默认情况下Apache都给你装了那些module进去：

1./configure –help | grep
disable

让Apache日后可以动态编译和加载模块：
如果想让Apache日后可以支持动态编译(DSO)更多的module，需要在初次安装时把so这个模块编译到核心（即，静态编译）。
如果编译中包含任何DSO模块，则mod_so会被自动包含进核心。如果希望核心以后能够装载DSO，但不实际编译任何DSO模块，则需明确指定：
针对apache1.x: --enable-module=so
针对apache2.x: --enable-so=static
Apache模块的类型：
基本(B)模块默认包含，必须明确禁用；
扩展(E)/实验(X)模块默认不包含，必须明确启用。
那么，针对以上这些类型的模块，有以下几种操作方式：
--disable-MODULE
禁用MODULE模块(仅用于基本模块)
--enable-MODULE=shared
将MODULE编译为DSO(可用于所有模块)
--enable-MODULE=static
将MODULE静态连接进核心(仅用于扩展和实验模块)
--enable-mods-shared=MODULE-LIST
将MODULE-LIST中的所有模块都编译成DSO(可用于所有模块)
--enable-modules=MODULE-LIST
将MODULE-LIST静态连接进核心(可用于所有模块)
针对--enable-modules和--enable-mods-shared有两个懒办法就是 most参数和all参数，分别表示“很多的”和“所有”。
例如：
mod_alias是个基本模块，不想安装的话就： --disable-alias
mod_rewrite是个扩展模块，想动态加载它：--enable-rewrite=shared，想静态加载就是：--enable-rewrite=static
想静态编译mod_alias和mod_rewrite：--enable-modules='alias rewrite'
想动态编译mod_alias和mod_rewrite：--enable-mods-shared='alias rewrite'
针对Apache2.2.x的一些例子：
最大化静态安装Apache:

1./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-modules=all

最大化动态安装Apache:

1./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-mods-shared=all

静态安装rewrite、动态安装deflate以及headers

1./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-rewrite=static --enable-deflate=shared
 --enable-headers=shared

不安装基本的alais，保留以后的扩展DSO能力：

1./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so=static --disable-alias

在Apache的源码目录，运行命令 ./configure -help 可查看所有编译参数解释

001[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.22

002[root@localhost httpd-2.2.22]# ./configure -help

003`configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems.

004 

005Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

006 

007To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as

008VAR=VALUE.  See below for
descriptions of some of the useful variables.

009 

010Defaults for
the options are specified in
brackets.

011 

012Configuration:

013  -h, --help              display this help and
exit

014      --help=short        display options specific to this package

015      --help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages

016  -V, --version           display version information and
exit

017  -q, --quiet, --silent  
do not print `checking...' messages

018      --cache-file=FILE   cache
test results in
FILE [disabled]

019  -C, --config-cache     
alias for 
`--cache-file=config.cache'

020  -n, --no-create        
do not create output files

021      --srcdir=DIR       
find the sources 
in DIR [configure dir
or `..']

022 

023Installation directories:

024  --prefix=PREFIX        
install architecture-independent files
in PREFIX

025                          [/usr/local/apache2]

026  --exec-prefix=EPREFIX  
install architecture-dependent files
in EPREFIX

027                          [PREFIX]

028 

029By default, `make
install' will install
all the files in

030`/usr/local/apache2/bin', `/usr/local/apache2/lib'
etc.  You can specify

031an installation prefix other than `/usr/local/apache2' using `--prefix',

032for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.

033 

034For better control, use the options below.

035 

036Fine tuning of the installation directories:

037  --bindir=DIR            user executables [EPREFIX/bin]

038  --sbindir=DIR           system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]

039  --libexecdir=DIR        program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]

040  --sysconfdir=DIR       
read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]

041  --sharedstatedir=DIR    modifiable architecture-independent data [PREFIX/com]

042  --localstatedir=DIR     modifiable single-machine data [PREFIX/var]

043  --libdir=DIR            object code libraries [EPREFIX/lib]

044  --includedir=DIR        C header files [PREFIX/include]

045  --oldincludedir=DIR     C header files
for non-gcc [/usr/include]

046  --datarootdir=DIR      
read-only arch.-independent data root [PREFIX/share]

047  --datadir=DIR          
read-only architecture-independent data [DATAROOTDIR]

048  --infodir=DIR           info documentation [DATAROOTDIR/info]

049  --localedir=DIR         locale-dependent data [DATAROOTDIR/locale]

050  --mandir=DIR           
man documentation [DATAROOTDIR/man]

051  --docdir=DIR            documentation root [DATAROOTDIR/doc/PACKAGE]

052  --htmldir=DIR           html documentation [DOCDIR]

053  --dvidir=DIR            dvi documentation [DOCDIR]

054  --pdfdir=DIR            pdf documentation [DOCDIR]

055  --psdir=DIR            
ps documentation [DOCDIR]

056 

057System types:

058  --build=BUILD     configure
for building on BUILD [guessed]

059  --host=HOST       cross-compile to build programs to run on HOST [BUILD]

060  --target=TARGET   configure
for building compilers 
for TARGET [HOST]

061 

062Optional Features:

063  --disable-option-checking  ignore unrecognized --enable/--with options

064  --disable-FEATURE      
do not include FEATURE (same as --enable-FEATURE=no)

065  --enable-FEATURE[=ARG]  include FEATURE [ARG=yes]

066  --enable-layout=LAYOUT

067  --enable-v4-mapped      Allow IPv6 sockets to handle IPv4 connections

068  --enable-exception-hook Enable fatal exception hook

069  --enable-maintainer-mode

070                          Turn on debugging and compile
time warnings

071  --enable-pie            Build httpd as a Position Independent Executable

072  --enable-modules=MODULE-LIST

073                          Space-separated list of modules to
enable | "all"
|

074                          "most"

075  --enable-mods-shared=MODULE-LIST

076                          Space-separated list of shared modules to
enable |

077                          "all"
| "most"

078  --disable-authn-file   
file-based authentication control

079  --enable-authn-dbm      DBM-based authentication control

080  --enable-authn-anon     anonymous user authentication control

081  --enable-authn-dbd      SQL-based authentication control

082  --disable-authn-default authentication backstopper

083  --enable-authn-alias   
auth provider alias

084  --disable-authz-host    host-based authorization control

085  --disable-authz-groupfile

086                          'require group'
authorization control

087  --disable-authz-user   
'require user' authorization control

088  --enable-authz-dbm      DBM-based authorization control

089  --enable-authz-owner   
'require file-owner' authorization control

090  --enable-authnz-ldap    LDAP based authentication

091  --disable-authz-default authorization control backstopper

092  --disable-auth-basic    basic authentication

093  --enable-auth-digest    RFC2617 Digest authentication

094  --enable-isapi          isapi extension support

095  --enable-file-cache     File cache

096  --enable-cache          dynamic
file caching

097  --enable-disk-cache     disk caching module

098  --enable-mem-cache      memory caching module

099  --enable-dbd            Apache DBD Framework

100  --enable-bucketeer      buckets manipulation filter

101  --enable-dumpio         I/O dump filter

102  --enable-echo          
ECHO server

103  --enable-example        example and demo module

104  --enable-case-filter    example uppercase conversion filter

105  --enable-case-filter-in
example uppercase conversion input filter

106  --enable-reqtimeout     Limit
time waiting for
request from client

107  --enable-ext-filter     external filter module

108  --disable-include       Server Side Includes

109  --disable-filter        Smart Filtering

110  --enable-substitute     response content rewrite-like filtering

111  --disable-charset-lite  character
set translation

112  --enable-charset-lite   character
set translation

113  --enable-deflate        Deflate transfer encoding support

114  --enable-ldap           LDAP caching and connection pooling services

115  --disable-log-config    logging configuration

116  --enable-log-forensic   forensic logging

117  --enable-logio          input and output logging

118  --disable-env          
clearing/setting of ENV vars

119  --enable-mime-magic     automagically determining MIME
type

120  --enable-cern-meta      CERN-type
meta files

121  --enable-expires        Expires header control

122  --enable-headers        HTTP header control

123  --enable-ident          RFC 1413 identity check

124  --enable-usertrack      user-session tracking

125  --enable-unique-id     
per-request unique ids

126  --disable-setenvif      basing ENV vars on headers

127  --disable-version       determining httpd version
in config files

128  --enable-proxy          Apache proxy module

129  --enable-proxy-connect  Apache proxy CONNECT module

130  --enable-proxy-ftp     
Apache proxy FTP module

131  --enable-proxy-http     Apache proxy HTTP module

132  --enable-proxy-scgi     Apache proxy SCGI module

133  --enable-proxy-ajp      Apache proxy AJP module

134  --enable-proxy-balancer Apache proxy BALANCER module

135  --enable-ssl            SSL/TLS support (mod_ssl)

136  --enable-distcache      Select distcache support
in mod_ssl

137  --enable-optional-hook-export

138                          example optional hook exporter

139  --enable-optional-hook-import

140                          example optional hook importer

141  --enable-optional-fn-import

142                          example optional
function importer

143  --enable-optional-fn-export

144                          example optional
function exporter

145  --enable-static-support Build a statically linked version of the support

146                          binaries

147  --enable-static-htpasswd

148                          Build a statically linked version of htpasswd

149  --enable-static-htdigest

150                          Build a statically linked version of htdigest

151  --enable-static-rotatelogs

152                          Build a statically linked version of rotatelogs

153  --enable-static-logresolve

154                          Build a statically linked version of logresolve

155  --enable-static-htdbm   Build a statically linked version of htdbm

156  --enable-static-ab      Build a statically linked version of ab

157  --enable-static-checkgid

158                          Build a statically linked version of checkgid

159  --enable-static-htcacheclean

160                          Build a statically linked version of htcacheclean

161  --enable-static-httxt2dbm

162                          Build a statically linked version of httxt2dbm

163  --enable-http           HTTP protocol handling

164  --disable-mime          mapping of
file-extension to MIME

165  --enable-dav            WebDAV protocol handling

166  --disable-status        process/thread monitoring

167  --disable-autoindex     directory listing

168  --disable-asis          as-is filetypes

169  --enable-info           server information

170  --enable-suexec        
set uid and gid 
for spawned processes

171  --disable-cgid          CGI scripts

172  --enable-cgi            CGI scripts

173  --disable-cgi           CGI scripts

174  --enable-cgid           CGI scripts

175  --enable-dav-fs         DAV provider
for the filesystem

176  --enable-dav-lock       DAV provider
for generic locking

177  --enable-vhost-alias   
mass virtual hosting module

178  --disable-negotiation   content negotiation

179  --disable-dir          
directory request handling

180  --enable-imagemap       server-side imagemaps

181  --disable-actions       Action triggering on requests

182  --enable-speling        correct common URL misspellings

183  --disable-userdir       mapping of requests to user-specific directories

184  --disable-alias        
mapping of requests to different filesystem parts

185  --enable-rewrite        rule based URL manipulation

186  --enable-so             DSO capability

187 

188Optional Packages:

189  --with-PACKAGE[=ARG]    use PACKAGE [ARG=yes]

190  --without-PACKAGE      
do not use PACKAGE (same as --with-PACKAGE=no)

191  --with-included-apr     Use bundled copies of APR/APR-Util

192  --with-apr=PATH         prefix
for installed APR or the full path to

193                             apr-config

194  --with-apr-util=PATH    prefix
for installed APU or the full path to

195                             apu-config

196  --with-pcre=PATH        Use external PCRE library

197  --with-port=PORT        Port on
which to listen (default is 80)

198  --with-sslport=SSLPORT  Port on
which to securelisten (default is 443)

199  --with-z=DIR            use a specific zlib library

200  --with-sslc=DIR         RSA SSL-C SSL/TLS toolkit

201  --with-ssl=DIR          OpenSSL SSL/TLS toolkit

202  --with-mpm=MPM          Choose the process model
for Apache to use.

203                          MPM={beos|event|worker|prefork|mpmt_os2|winnt}

204  --with-module=module-type:module-file

205                          Enable module-file
in the modules/<module-type>

206                          directory.

207  --with-program-name     alternate executable name

208  --with-suexec-bin       Path to suexec binary

209  --with-suexec-caller    User allowed to call SuExec

210  --with-suexec-userdir   User subdirectory

211  --with-suexec-docroot   SuExec root directory

212  --with-suexec-uidmin    Minimal allowed UID

213  --with-suexec-gidmin    Minimal allowed GID

214  --with-suexec-logfile   Set the logfile

215  --with-suexec-safepath  Set the safepath

216  --with-suexec-umask    
umask for 
suexec'd process

217 

218Some influential environment variables:

219  CC          C compiler
command

220  CFLAGS      C compiler flags

221  LDFLAGS     linker flags, e.g. -L<lib
dir> if
you have libraries in 
a

222              nonstandard directory <lib
dir>

223  LIBS        libraries to pass to the linker, e.g. -l<library>

224  CPPFLAGS    C/C++/Objective C preprocessor flags, e.g. -I<include
dir> if

225              you have headers
in a nonstandard directory <include
dir>

226  CPP         C preprocessor

227 

228Use these variables to override the choices made by `configure' or to help

229it to find
libraries and programs with nonstandard names/locations.

230 

231Report bugs to the package provider.

232[root@localhost httpd-2.2.22]#