Dirk, gtk+-1.2 and gtk+-2.0 aren't compatible, you cannot just replace gtk+-1.2 with gtk+-2.0 and recompile (ie the application must have been ported to gtk+-2.0, and in that case, the developpers will modify the configure script so that it will invoke pkg-config properly) For example, gimp-1.3.x (unstable developpment branch) uses gtk+2.0 while gimp 1.2.x (stable branch) still uses gtk+-1.2 If you plan to port your application to gtk+-2.0, you can use CFLAGS=`pkg-config gtk+-2.0 --cflags` LIBS=`pkg-config gtk+-2.0 --libs` in place of gtk+-1.2 that was invoked like : CFLAGS=`gtk-config --cflags` LIBS=`gtk-config --libs` in your Makefile. But, usually, porting an application to gtk+-2.0 is a lot more than just replacing the compilation flags ;-) Hope that helps, Cheers, Olivier.