HTTP相关

        * HTTP协议的版本
            * HTTP/1.0
                * 链接后,只能获取一个web资源。
                * 链接后,发送请求,服务器做出响应,链接立即断开。
                    GET /aa/1.html HTTP/1.0
                    host:localhost  

            * HTTP/1.1(使用)
                * 链接后,可以获取多个web资源。
                * 链接后,发送请求,服务器做出响应,链接不会立即断开。
                    再次发送请求,直接有一段时间没操作,自动断开。
                    GET /aa/1.html HTTP/1.1
                    host:localhost

        * 请求:
            * 请求行
                * 请求方式
                    * POST、GET、HEAD、OPTIONS、DELETE、TRACE、PUT、CONNECT
                    * 常用post和get
                    * 区别:
                        * get把参数显示在地址栏上,安全级别低,不支持大数据。
                        * post把参数封装请求体中,安全级别高,支持大数据。

                * 请求地址
                    * 请求资源
                * 协议版本
                    * HTTP/1.1
            * 请求头
                Accept: text/html,image/*    
                Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1
                Accept-Encoding: gzip
                Accept-Language:zh-cn 
                Host: www.itcast.com:80
                If-Modified-Since: Tue, 11 Jul 2000 18:23:51 GMT
                Referer: http://www.jindh.com/index.jsp
                User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.5; Windows NT 5.0)
                Connection: close/Keep-Alive   
                Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2000 18:23:51 GMT 

                * 重要的头
                    * If-Modified-Since     必须和响应头信息一起来完成控制本地的缓存。
                    * Referer               当前的网页的来源。(防止盗链)]
                    *


                        ```
                        public class RefererServlet extends HttpServlet {

/**
 * 防止倒链
 */
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
        throws ServletException, IOException {
    response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    String refer = request.getHeader("Referer");
    if(refer.startsWith("http://localhost:8080/gofr/good")){
        response.getWriter().write("<h1>欢迎</h1>");
    }else{
        response.getWriter().write("<h1>你妹的,盗我资源!</h1>");
    }

    String agent = request.getHeader("User-Agent");
    System.out.println(agent);
}

public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
        throws ServletException, IOException {
    doGet(request,response);
}

}

                        ```
                    * User-Agent            判断浏览器的版本(文件下载的时候)

            * 空行
            * 请求体
                * 封装post参数列表。

        * 响应
            * 响应行
                * 协议版本
                    * HTTP/1.1
                * 状态码
                    200 :请求成功处理,一切OK
                    302 :请求重定向
                    304 :服务器端资源没有改动,通知客户端查找本地缓存
                    404 :客户端访问资源不存在
                    500 :服务器内部出错

                * 状态码描述

            * 响应头
                Location: http://www.it315.org/index.jsp 
                Server:apache tomcat
                Content-Encoding: gzip 
                Content-Length: 80 
                Content-Language: zh-cn 
                Content-Type: text/html; charset=GB2312 
                Last-Modified: Tue, 11 Jul 2000 18:23:51 GMT
                Refresh: 1;url=http://www.it315.org
                Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=aaa.zip
                Expires: -1
                Cache-Control: no-cache  
                Pragma: no-cache   
                Connection: close/Keep-Alive   
                Date: Tue, 11 Jul 2000 18:23:51 GMT

                * 重要的头
                    * Location                  和302一起完成重定向。
                    * Last-Modified             和请求头If-Modified-Since一起控制缓存。和状态码304
                    * Refresh                   完成页面的定时跳转
                    * Content-Disposition       设置文件是以附件打开

                    Expires: -1
                    Cache-Control: no-cache  
                    Pragma: no-cache
                    * 禁用缓存(网银系统)

            * 空行
            * 响应体
                * 存放真正的数据。
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