arm-linux/elf/eabi 交叉编译器

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本文介绍了ARM处理器的三种交叉编译器类型，包括arm-linux-、arm-elf-和arm-eabi-，分别阐述它们的差异和用途，为ARM平台的软件构建提供基础理解。

arm的交叉编译器有三种类型(命名方式)：arm-linux-, arm-elf-, arm-eabi-

arm-linux：

一般用于编译linux程序，使用glibc库

arm-linux-elf：

用于编译uclinux或其他程序，使用嵌入式库，如uclib或newlib等。

arm-eabi：

是符合eabi规范的交叉编译器。简单的说，EABI定义了一系列规范，如过程调用规范aacp，系统调用规范等。

arm-eabi可以使用各种不同的lib。

arm-eabi相比较前两者，最大的特点是，它支持FPA(Floating Pointer Accelrator)，可以有效的提高浮点运算速度。但是对于没有FPA单元的硬件，使用arm-eabi编译的程序运行会更慢，因为对FPA的指令会产生未知指令的异常。

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另外再转一个链接： arm-elf和arm-eabi的区别

Re: what is difference between arm-elf and arm-eabi?

Author: Martin Thomas (mthomas) (Moderator)

Posted on: 2008-05-23 03:01

Dan Miller wrote:
> I've been trying, for a couple of days, to build the project which was
> associated with the Embedded.com articles "Building Bare-Metal ARM
> Systems with GNU".  I've been hoping that this will clarify alot of the
> confusion that I've experienced in trying to convert an existing project
> from IAR to gnuarm.
As far as I know the code from the embedded.com tutorial has been tested
with a Codesourcery G++ package (the lite version is free, Codesourcery
gets paid by ARM to improve the GNU tools AFAIK). So maybe this is the
package that should be used to avoid further confusion. Once you have
some basic knowledge of the tools you will see that it is not that
difficult to adapt the code for other GNU-precompiled-packages or
to/from other compilers.

> As it turns out, after three weeks of research,
Three weeks? - Uff.

> I have at least four
> different versions of GNUARM on my system:
> 1. gnuarm (arm-elf)
> 2. winarm (arm-elf) (slightly earlier version than gnuarm)
> 3. Ride (arm-none-eabi)
> 4. Sarm (arm-eabi)
gnuarm (I expect this is a package from gnuarm.org) and "older" versions
of WinARM are very similar. Main differences: WinARM has been created
for "non-cygwin" hosts and uses a slightly different newlib
configuration.

EABI and "old" ABI are different "targets" for which the GNU toolchain
can be build. EABI has been created as a common binary interface so
object code and libraries created with one toolchain/compiler can linked
to a project created with another one. Search on www.arm.com for further
details.

> Ultimately, only ONE of these four packages could actually build the
> project - Ride's arm-none-eabi.
It is well possible that the "Ride binaries" are very similar or even a
copy of the Codesourcery package. So this might be the reason why the
Quantum example-code can be build with this tools without problems.
Until gcc 4.3.0 the Codesourcery package has been the only one which
offered Cortex-M3 support and AFAIK Ride supports STM32 too. Just
speculation, I have never used the Ride tools. I don't know "Sarm" so I
can not comment on it at all.

> All others would fail in different
> ways.
You did not write the error-messages created during the attempts with
the other packages so it's difficult to analyze the reason why they
failed.

If would be interesting to see the error-messages when you try to build
with DevkitARM R23 or WinARM test-version 20080831.

> What's interesting, though, is that the output of the project,
> using arm-none-eabi, is a .elf file!!!
The file-extension is not important. elf and axf are just the usual
extensions. Just look into the makefile. Why "!!!"? What did you expect?

> So... what is the difference between arm-elf, arm-none-eabi, and
> arm-eabi ???
arm-elf is usually the prefix for GNU toolchains created for the arm-elf
target, arm-none-eabi for the target arm-eabi. But this does not mean
much since one can set the prefix when building the toolchain. At least
eabi should be an indicator that the toolchain has been created for
target arm-eabi.

>Obviously, the "none" in arm-none-eabi does not mean
> no-elf ...
This might be wrong. As far as I know it means "no operating-system" on
the target (for "bare metal") compared to for example arm-linux-elf.

I do understand your confusion, so stay with the GNU package that works
for you to get started. Once you know a little bit about the usage of
the GNU tools you will see that the differences are small and porting
code between them is rather easy.
Porting code from IAR to GNU is a more difficult esp. if the EWARM
compiler-extension have been used.

Re: what is difference between arm-elf and arm-eabi?

Author: Spencer Oliver (ntfreak)

Posted on: 2008-05-23 08:56

>
>> Ultimately, only ONE of these four packages could actually build the
>> project - Ride's arm-none-eabi.
> It is well possible that the "Ride binaries" are very similar or even a
> copy of the Codesourcery package. So this might be the reason why the
> Quantum example-code can be build with this tools without problems.
> Until gcc 4.3.0 the Codesourcery package has been the only one which
> offered Cortex-M3 support and AFAIK Ride supports STM32 too. Just
> speculation, I have never used the Ride tools. I don't know "Sarm" so I
> can not comment on it at all.
>

I can tell you ride use the codesoucery toolchain as delivered.
sarm is the toolchain delivered with Anglia IDEaliST, it is based on
codesoucery but has a few tweaks with newlib.

Cheers
Spen