行为的目的在于封装部分UI功能,那样就可以直接应用于元素而不用写任何代码。行为是一组相关操作的组合,它包含了触发器(监听某个事件或改变)和动作(完成适当的操作)的工作。例如,Deep Zoom功能由一些事件处理程序组成,允许通过鼠标按键和鼠标滚轮对Deep Zoom 图像进行平移和缩放。
想象一下在Canvas上如何让一个元素可以拥有拖放的行为,首先要创建一个派生自Behavior的类,Behavior是个泛型类,可以通过类型参数将行为限制到特定的元素,通常可以使用UIElement 或者是 FrameworkElement。
当用户按下鼠标左键,DragInCanvasBehavior开始拖拽操作,记录下元素左上角与鼠标指针之间的偏移量,并捕获鼠标。
- public class DragInCanvasBehavior : Behavior<UIElement>
- {
- protected override void OnAttached()
- {
- base.OnAttached();
- //附加事件处理程序
- this.AssociatedObject.MouseLeftButtonDown += new MouseButtonEventHandler(AssociatedObject_MouseLeftButtonDown);
- this.AssociatedObject.MouseMove += new MouseEventHandler(AssociatedObject_MouseMove);
- this.AssociatedObject.MouseLeftButtonUp += new MouseButtonEventHandler(AssociatedObject_MouseLeftButtonUp);
- }
- protected override void OnDetaching()
- {
- base.OnDetaching();
- //分离事件处理程序
- this.AssociatedObject.MouseLeftButtonDown -= new MouseButtonEventHandler(AssociatedObject_MouseLeftButtonDown);
- this.AssociatedObject.MouseMove -= new MouseEventHandler(AssociatedObject_MouseMove);
- this.AssociatedObject.MouseLeftButtonUp -= new MouseButtonEventHandler(AssociatedObject_MouseLeftButtonUp);
- }
- //记录当前元素所放置的Canvas
- private Canvas canvas;
- //记录当前元素是否正被拖拽
- private bool isDragging = false;
- //当鼠标左键按下的时候,记录单击所在的准确位置
- private Point mouseOffset;
- private void AssociatedObject_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
- {
- //找到Canvas
- if (canvas == null)
- {
- canvas = (Canvas)VisualTreeHelper.GetParent(this.AssociatedObject);
- }
- //拖拽模式开始
- isDragging = true;
- //获取鼠标单击时相对于元素的位置
- //因此元素左上角的坐标为(0, 0)
- mouseOffset = e.GetPosition(AssociatedObject);
- //捕获鼠标,这样即使用户突然将鼠标指针拽到元素外,仍然可以接收到MouseMove事件
- AssociatedObject.CaptureMouse();
- }
- private void AssociatedObject_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
- {
- if (isDragging)
- {
- //鼠标指针相对于Canvas的位置
- Point point = e.GetPosition(canvas);
- //重定位元素
- Canvas.SetLeft(AssociatedObject, point.X - mouseOffset.X);
- Canvas.SetTop(AssociatedObject, point.Y - mouseOffset.Y);
- }
- }
- private void AssociatedObject_MouseLeftButtonUp(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
- {
- if (isDragging)
- {
- AssociatedObject.ReleaseMouseCapture();
- isDragging = false;
- }
- }
- }
接下来只要简单的附加到Canvas中的任何元素,就可以使用这个行为。
- <UserControl x:Class="SilverlightApplication1.Behaviors.BehaviorSample"
- xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
- xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
- xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
- xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
- xmlns:custom="clr-namespace:SilverlightApplication1.Behaviors"
- xmlns:i="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Interactivity;assembly=System.Windows.Interactivity"
- mc:Ignorable="d"
- d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="400">
- <Canvas>
- <Rectangle Canvas.Left="10" Canvas.Top="10" Width="40" Height="60" Fill="Yellow" />
- <Ellipse Canvas.Left="10" Canvas.Top="70" Fill="Blue" Width="80" Height="60">
- <i:Interaction.Behaviors>
- <custom:DragInCanvasBehavior />
- </i:Interaction.Behaviors>
- </Ellipse>
- <Ellipse Canvas.Left="80" Canvas.Top="70" Fill="OrangeRed" Width="40" Height="70">
- <i:Interaction.Behaviors>
- <custom:DragInCanvasBehavior />
- </i:Interaction.Behaviors>
- </Ellipse>
- </Canvas>
- </UserControl>
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