zzz同学修复U盘的记录

最新推荐文章于 2021-04-29 04:12:14 发布

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root's password:

linux-mrph:~ # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=1024 count=10

10+0 records in

10+0 records out

10240 bytes (10 kB) copied, 0.00486736 s, 2.1 MB/s

linux-mrph:~ # mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb

mkfs.vfat 3.0.10 (12 Sep 2010)

mkfs.vfat: Device partition expected, not making filesystem on entire device '/dev/sdb' (use -I to override)

linux-mrph:~ # fdisk /dev/sdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xaef21059.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4, default 1):

Using default value 1

First sector (2048-16383, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-16383, default 16383):

Using default value 16383

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

linux-mrph:~ # mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb

mkfs.vfat 3.0.10 (12 Sep 2010)

mkfs.vfat: Device partition expected, not making filesystem on entire device '/dev/sdb' (use -I to override)

linux-mrph:~ # mkfs.vfat --help

mkfs.vfat 3.0.10 (12 Sep 2010)

mkfs.vfat: invalid option -- '-'

Unknown option: ?

Usage: mkdosfs [-a][-A][-c][-C][-v][-I][-l bad-block-file][-b backup-boot-sector]

[-m boot-msg-file][-n volume-name][-i volume-id]

[-s sectors-per-cluster][-S logical-sector-size][-f number-of-FATs]

[-h hidden-sectors][-F fat-size][-r root-dir-entries][-R reserved-sectors]

/dev/name [blocks]

linux-mrph:~ # mkfs.vfat -n 'vo' /dev/sdb -I

mkfs.vfat 3.0.10 (12 Sep 2010)

linux-mrph:~ # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=1024 count=1024*10

dd: invalid number `1024*10'

linux-mrph:~ # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=1024 count=10240

dd: writing `/dev/sdb': No space left on device

8193+0 records in

8192+0 records out

8388608 bytes (8.4 MB) copied, 3.55435 s, 2.4 MB/s

linux-mrph:~ # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=1024 count=102400

102400+0 records in

102400+0 records out

104857600 bytes (105 MB) copied, 0.228272 s, 459 MB/s

linux-mrph:~ # fdisk /dev/sdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x18fe40aa.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4, default 1):

Using default value 1

First sector (2048-204799, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-204799, default 204799):

Using default value 204799

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 104 MB, 104857600 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 12 cylinders, total 204800 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x18fe40aa

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 2048 204799 101376 83 Linux

Command (m for help): d

Selected partition 1

Command (m for help):

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4, default 1):

Using default value 1

First sector (2048-204799, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-204799, default 204799):

Using default value 204799

Command (m for help):

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Syncing disks.

linux-mrph:~ # mkfs.ext4 --help

mkfs.ext4: invalid option -- '-'

Usage: mkfs.ext4 [-c|-l filename] [-b block-size] [-f fragment-size]

[-i bytes-per-inode] [-I inode-size] [-J journal-options]

[-G meta group size] [-N number-of-inodes]

[-m reserved-blocks-percentage] [-o creator-os]

[-g blocks-per-group] [-L volume-label] [-M last-mounted-directory]

[-O feature[,...]] [-r fs-revision] [-E extended-option[,...]]

[-T fs-type] [-U UUID] [-jnqvFKSV] device [blocks-count]

linux-mrph:~ # mkfs.vfat -n 'boot' /dev/sd

sda sda1 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 sdb

linux-mrph:~ # mkfs.vfat -n 'boot' /dev/sd

sda sda1 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 sdb

linux-mrph:~ # mkfs.vfat -n 'boot' /dev/sdb

.bash_history .gconfd/ .viminfo

.dbus/ .gnupg/ bin/

.emacs.d/ .kbd/ inst-sys/

.exrc .pki/

.gconf/ .recently-used.xbel

linux-mrph:~ # mkfs.vfat -n 'boot' /dev/sdb

mkfs.vfat 3.0.10 (12 Sep 2010)

linux-mrph:~ #

linux-mrph:~ # mount /dev/sdb /mnt

linux-mrph:~ #

linux-mrph:~ # ls /mnt

linux-mrph:~ # cd /mnt

linux-mrph:/mnt # du -sh .

16K .

linux-mrph:/mnt # cd ..

linux-mrph:/ # ls

bin configure etc lib media opt root selinux sys usr

boot dev home lost+found mnt proc sbin srv tmp var

linux-mrph:/ # cd /mnt/

linux-mrph:/mnt # echo hello > t.txt

linux-mrph:/mnt # cd ..

linux-mrph:/ # umount /mnt

linux-mrph:/ # umount /mnt/

umount: /mnt/: not mounted

linux-mrph:/ # umount /media/UNTITLED/

linux-mrph:/ # ls

bin configure etc lib media opt root selinux sys usr

boot dev home lost+found mnt proc sbin srv tmp var

linux-mrph:/ # fdisk /dev/sd

sda sda1 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 sdb sdb1

linux-mrph:/ # fdisk /dev/sd

sda sda1 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 sdb sdb1

linux-mrph:/ # fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 4098 MB, 4098883584 bytes

2 heads, 63 sectors/track, 63536 cylinders, total 8005632 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x01241986

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 * 64 8005631 4002784 b W95 FAT32

Command (m for help): d

Selected partition 1

Command (m for help):

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4, default 1):

Using default value 1

First sector (2048-8005631, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-8005631, default 8005631):

Using default value 8005631

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 4098 MB, 4098883584 bytes

2 heads, 63 sectors/track, 63536 cylinders, total 8005632 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x01241986

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 2048 8005631 4001792 83 Linux

Command (m for help): d

Selected partition 1

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 4098 MB, 4098883584 bytes

2 heads, 63 sectors/track, 63536 cylinders, total 8005632 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x01241986

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1

First sector (2048-8005631, default 2048): 1

Value out of range.

First sector (2048-8005631, default 2048): 1

Value out of range.

First sector (2048-8005631, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-8005631, default 8005631):

Using default value 8005631

Command (m for help): x

Expert command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 2 heads, 63 sectors, 63536 cylinders

Nr AF Hd Sec Cyl Hd Sec Cyl Start Size ID

1 00 0 33 16 1 33 48 2048 8003584 83

2 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

3 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

4 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

Expert command (m for help): m

Command action

b move beginning of data in a partition

c change number of cylinders

d print the raw data in the partition table

e list extended partitions

f fix partition order

g create an IRIX (SGI) partition table

h change number of heads

i change the disk identifier

m print this menu

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

r return to main menu

s change number of sectors/track

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

Expert command (m for help): c

Number of cylinders (1-1048576, default 63536):

Using default value 63536

Expert command (m for help): b

Partition number (1-4): 1

New beginning of data (1-8005631, default 2048): 1

Expert command (m for help): s

Number of sectors (1-63, default 63):

Using default value 63

Expert command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

linux-mrph:/ #

linux-mrph:/ # fdisk /dev/sd

sda sda1 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 sdb sdb1

linux-mrph:/ # fdisk /dev/sd

sda sda1 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 sdb sdb1

linux-mrph:/ # fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 4098 MB, 4098883584 bytes

2 heads, 33 sectors/track, 121297 cylinders, total 8005632 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x01241986

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sdb1 1 8005631 4002815+ 83 Linux

Command (m for help): d

Selected partition 1

Command (m for help):

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

linux-mrph:/ #

linux-mrph:/ # fdisk /dev/sdb

Command (m for help): p\

Disk /dev/sdb: 4098 MB, 4098883584 bytes

127 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders, total 8005632 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x01241986

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4, default 1):

Using default value 1

First sector (2048-8005631, default 2048): ^C

linux-mrph:/ #

linux-mrph:/ # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/

Display all 207 possibilities? (y or n)

linux-mrph:/ # dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb count=40480 bs=40480

40480+0 records in

40480+0 records out

1638630400 bytes (1.6 GB) copied, 486.109 s, 3.4 MB/s

linux-mrph:/ # fdisk /dev/sdb

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x17cd5cb2.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 4098 MB, 4098883584 bytes

127 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders, total 8005632 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x17cd5cb2

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4, default 1):

Using default value 1

First sector (2048-8005631, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-8005631, default 8005631):

Using default value 8005631

Command (m for help): d

Selected partition 1

Command (m for help): x

Expert command (m for help): m

Command action

b move beginning of data in a partition

c change number of cylinders

d print the raw data in the partition table

e list extended partitions

f fix partition order

g create an IRIX (SGI) partition table

h change number of heads

i change the disk identifier

m print this menu

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

r return to main menu

s change number of sectors/track

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

Expert command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 127 heads, 62 sectors, 1016 cylinders

Nr AF Hd Sec Cyl Hd Sec Cyl Start Size ID

1 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

2 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

3 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

4 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00

Expert command (m for help): f

Nothing to do. Ordering is correct already.

Expert command (m for help): b

Partition number (1-4): 1

Partition 1 has no data area

Expert command (m for help): c

Number of cylinders (1-1048576, default 1016):

Using default value 1016

Expert command (m for help): s

Number of sectors (1-63, default 62):

Using default value 62

Expert command (m for help): b

Partition number (1-4): 1

Partition 1 has no data area

Expert command (m for help): r

Command (m for help): m

Command action

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

m print this menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

p print the partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

v verify the partition table

w write table to disk and exit

x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): o

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x6e71279b.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help): l

0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris

1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-

2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-

3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-

4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx

5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data

6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .

7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility

8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt

9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access

a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O

b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor

c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs

e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT

f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/

10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b

11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor

12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor

14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary

16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS

17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE

18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto

1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep

1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT

1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix

Command (m for help):

Command (m for help): t

No partition is defined yet!

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4, default 1):

Using default value 1

First sector (2048-8005631, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-8005631, default 8005631):

Using default value 8005631

Command (m for help): a

Partition number (1-4): 1

Command (m for help): c

DOS Compatibility flag is set (DEPRECATED!)

Command (m for help):

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

linux-mrph:/ #

linux-mrph:/ # mkfs.vfat -n 'boot' /dev/sd

sda sda1 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 sdb sdb1

linux-mrph:/ # mkfs.vfat -n 'boot' /dev/sd

sda sda1 sda4 sda5 sda6 sda7 sdb sdb1

linux-mrph:/ # mkfs.vfat -n 'boot' /dev/sdb

mkfs.vfat 3.0.10 (12 Sep 2010)

mkfs.vfat: Device partition expected, not making filesystem on entire device '/dev/sdb' (use -I to override)

linux-mrph:/ # mkfs.vfat -n 'boot' /dev/sdb1

mkfs.vfat 3.0.10 (12 Sep 2010)

linux-mrph:/ # fdisk /dev/sdb1

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb1: 4097 MB, 4097835008 bytes

127 heads, 62 sectors/track, 1016 cylinders, total 8003584 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1

First sector (2048-8003583, default 2048):

Using default value 2048

Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-8003583, default 8003583):

Using default value 8003583

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 22: Invalid argument.

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at

the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)

Syncing disks.

linux-mrph:/ #

linux-mrph:/ # mkfs.vfat -n boot /dev/sdb1

mkfs.vfat 3.0.10 (12 Sep 2010)

linux-mrph:/ # umount /mnt

umount: /mnt: not mounted

linux-mrph:/ # umount /media/BOOT/