java web 之springboot教程之二十五----邮件服务

最新推荐文章于 2021-07-31 14:17:56 发布

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本文详细介绍如何使用JavaMailSender在Spring Boot应用中发送各种类型的邮件，包括纯文本、HTML格式、带附件及静态资源的邮件。通过示例代码演示了配置、实现及测试过程。

使用JavaMailSender来发送邮件。

1，导入pom.xml包

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>

2，在 application.properties 中添加邮箱配置

spring.mail.host=smtp.163.com
spring.mail.username=*****@163.com
spring.mail.password=授权码
spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8


mail.fromMail.addr=*****@163.com

3，编写mail service：

package com.example.email.service.impl;

import com.example.email.service.MailService;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.io.File;

@Component
public class MailServiceImpl implements MailService {

    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;

    @Value("${mail.fromMail.addr}")
    private String from;

    /**
     * 发送文本邮件
     * @param to
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     */
    @Override
    public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content) {
        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setFrom(from);
        message.setTo(to);
        message.setSubject(subject);
        message.setText(content);

        try {
            mailSender.send(message);
            logger.info("简单邮件已经发送。");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("发送简单邮件时发生异常！", e);
        }

    }

    /**
     * 发送html邮件
     * @param to
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     */
    @Override
    public void sendHtmlMail(String to, String subject, String content) {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();

        try {
            //true表示需要创建一个multipart message
            MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
            helper.setFrom(from);
            helper.setTo(to);
            helper.setSubject(subject);
            helper.setText(content, true);

            mailSender.send(message);
            logger.info("html邮件发送成功");
        } catch (MessagingException e) {
            logger.error("发送html邮件时发生异常！", e);
        }
    }


    /**
     * 发送带附件的邮件
     * @param to
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     * @param filePath
     */
    public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, String filePath){
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();

        try {
            MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
            helper.setFrom(from);
            helper.setTo(to);
            helper.setSubject(subject);
            helper.setText(content, true);

            FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));
            String fileName = filePath.substring(filePath.lastIndexOf(File.separator));
            helper.addAttachment(fileName, file);
            //helper.addAttachment("test"+fileName, file);

            mailSender.send(message);
            logger.info("带附件的邮件已经发送。");
        } catch (MessagingException e) {
            logger.error("发送带附件的邮件时发生异常！", e);
        }
    }


    /**
     * 发送正文中有静态资源（图片）的邮件
     * @param to
     * @param subject
     * @param content
     * @param rscPath
     * @param rscId
     */
    public void sendInlineResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath, String rscId){
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();

        try {
            MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
            helper.setFrom(from);
            helper.setTo(to);
            helper.setSubject(subject);
            helper.setText(content, true);

            FileSystemResource res = new FileSystemResource(new File(rscPath));
            helper.addInline(rscId, res);

            mailSender.send(message);
            logger.info("嵌入静态资源的邮件已经发送。");
        } catch (MessagingException e) {
            logger.error("发送嵌入静态资源的邮件时发生异常！", e);
        }
    }
}

这里分为多种情况，发送 html 格式邮件，发送带附件的邮件，发送带静态资源的邮件，邮件模板

对于邮件模板，需要在resorces/templates下创建emailTemplate.html：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
    <head>
        <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
        <title>Title</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        您好,这是验证邮件,请点击下面的链接完成验证,<br/>
        <a href="#" th:href="@{ http://www.baidu.com/eric/{id}(id=${id}) }">激活账号</a>
    </body>
</html>

4，测试类：

package com.example.email;

import com.example.email.service.MailService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MailServiceTest {

    @Autowired
    private MailService mailService;

    @Autowired
    private TemplateEngine templateEngine;

    @Test
    public void testSimpleMail() throws Exception {
        mailService.sendSimpleMail("littleengineer@163.com","I wonder if the e-mail I sent on November 4 ever","I sent you an e-mail on August 12 concerning the possibility of us using portions of the program your company developed lately. As we haven’t heard from you yet, I would appreciate it very much if you would be kind enough to contact us as soon as possible.");
    }

    @Test
    public void testHtmlMail() throws Exception {
        String content="<html>\n" +
                "<body>\n" +
                "    <h3>hello world ! 这是一封html邮件!</h3>\n" +
                "</body>\n" +
                "</html>";
        mailService.sendHtmlMail("littleengineer@163.com","wonder if the e-mail I sent on",content);
    }

    @Test
    public void sendAttachmentsMail() {
        String filePath="e:\\tmp\\application.log";
        mailService.sendAttachmentsMail("littleengineer@163.com", "主题：带附件的邮件", "有附件，请查收！", filePath);
    }


    @Test
    public void sendInlineResourceMail() {
        String rscId = "neo006";
        String content="<html><body>这是有图片的邮件：<img src=\'cid:" + rscId + "\' ></body></html>";
        String imgPath = "C:\\Users\\eric\\Pictures\\favicon.png";

        mailService.sendInlineResourceMail("littleengineer@163.com", "主题：这是有图片的邮件", content, imgPath, rscId);
    }


    @Test
    public void sendTemplateMail() {
        //创建邮件正文
        Context context = new Context();
        context.setVariable("id", "006");
        String emailContent = templateEngine.process("emailTemplate", context);

        mailService.sendHtmlMail("littleengineer@163.com","主题：这是模板邮件",emailContent);
    }
}

发送失败

邮件发送失败的情况，比如：邮件发送过于频繁、网络异常等。在出现这种情况的时候，一般考虑重新重试发送邮件，会分为以下几个步骤来实现：