docker镜像构建分析

教Linux的李老师

已于 2025-05-07 19:46:53 修改

阅读量1.2k

点赞数

分类专栏：容器文章标签： dockerfile dive whaler 镜像分析 docker history

于 2021-12-20 16:36:15 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/omaidb/article/details/122044116

版权

容器专栏收录该内容

33 篇文章

订阅专栏

docker镜像构建分析

docker镜像分析工具dive

查看docker的构建过程.
项目地址: https://github.com/wagoodman/dive/releases/

# 下载dive
curl -OL https://github.com/wagoodman/dive/releases/download/v0.9.2/dive_0.9.2_linux_amd64.rpm

# 安装dive
rpm -i dive_0.9.2_linux_amd64.rpm

# yum一步安装
yum install -y https://github.com/wagoodman/dive/releases/download/v0.9.2/dive_0.9.2_linux_amd64.rpm

分析镜像

# dive 镜像名:tag名
dive <your-image-tag>

在这里插入图片描述

dive分析镜像构建

使用dive分析dockerfile构建过程

# cd到项目根目录
cd 项目目录

# -f 指定dockerfile
dive build -t 镜像名:标签 .

# dive build -t
## -t 指定镜像名:tag
dive build -t <some-tag> -f .

在这里插入图片描述

查看镜像的构建步骤

# 查看构建镜像经过了哪些步骤
docker history 镜像名

docker history显示不全

查看完整镜像构建过程

# 查看完整构建过程,显示很不友好
## --no-trunc : 禁止截断输出内容（显示完整的命令和层信息）
docker history 镜像名 --no-trunc

# 自定义友好显示
docker history 镜像名:tag --format "table {{.ID}}\t{{.CreatedBy}}" --no-trunc

结果是从下往上看
在这里插入图片描述

使用whaler查看容器构建过程

项目地址: https://github.com/P3GLEG/Whaler

安装whaler

# 安装whaler到/usr/local/bin/目录下
wget -cO /usr/local/bin/whaler https://github.com/P3GLEG/Whaler/releases/download/1.0/Whaler_linux_amd64

# 赋予可执行权限
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/whaler

whaler常用参数

# 将docker客户端ID设置为特定版本-sV
whaler -sV=1.36 

# 打印有关图像的所有详细信息 -v 
whaler -v 镜像名

在这里插入图片描述

# 将镜像层保存到当前目录-x
whaler -x 镜像名

将镜像逆向为dockfile

逆向镜像为dockfile

# 逆向镜像
whaler 镜像名

在这里插入图片描述

# 示例
[master root ~]# whaler nginx
Analyzing nginx
Docker Version: 20.10.7
GraphDriver: overlay2
Environment Variables
|PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
|NGINX_VERSION=1.21.5
|NJS_VERSION=0.7.1
|PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye

Open Ports
|80

Image user
|User is root

Potential secrets:
Dockerfile:
CMD ["bash"]
LABEL maintainer=NGINX Docker Maintainers <docker-maint@nginx.com>
ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.21.5
ENV NJS_VERSION=0.7.1
ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye
RUN set -x  \
        && addgroup --system --gid 101 nginx  \
        && adduser --system --disabled-login --ingroup nginx --no-create-home --home /nonexistent --gecos "nginx user" --shell /bin/false --uid 101 nginx  \
        && apt-get update  \
        && apt-get install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests -y gnupg1 ca-certificates  \
        && NGINX_GPGKEY=573BFD6B3D8FBC641079A6ABABF5BD827BD9BF62; found=''; for server in hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 pgp.mit.edu ; do echo "Fetching GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY from $server"; apt-key adv --keyserver "$server" --keyserver-options timeout=10 --recv-keys "$NGINX_GPGKEY"  \
        && found=yes  \
        && break; done; test -z "$found"  \
        && echo >&2 "error: failed to fetch GPG key $NGINX_GPGKEY"  \
        && exit 1; apt-get remove --purge --auto-remove -y gnupg1  \
        && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*  \
        && dpkgArch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)"  \
        && nginxPackages=" nginx=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-xslt=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-geoip=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-image-filter=${NGINX_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} nginx-module-njs=${NGINX_VERSION}+${NJS_VERSION}-${PKG_RELEASE} "  \
        && case "$dpkgArch" in amd64|arm64) echo "deb https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ bullseye nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list  \
        && apt-get update ;; *) echo "deb-src https://nginx.org/packages/mainline/debian/ bullseye nginx" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list  \
        && tempDir="$(mktemp -d)"  \
        && chmod 777 "$tempDir"  \
        && savedAptMark="$(apt-mark showmanual)"  \
        && apt-get update  \
        && apt-get build-dep -y $nginxPackages  \
        && ( cd "$tempDir"  \
        && DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS="nocheck parallel=$(nproc)" apt-get source --compile $nginxPackages )  \
        && apt-mark showmanual | xargs apt-mark auto > /dev/null  \
        && { [ -z "$savedAptMark" ] || apt-mark manual $savedAptMark; }  \
        && ls -lAFh "$tempDir"  \
        && ( cd "$tempDir"  \
        && dpkg-scanpackages . > Packages )  \
        && grep '^Package: ' "$tempDir/Packages"  \
        && echo "deb [ trusted=yes ] file://$tempDir ./" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list  \
        && apt-get -o Acquire::GzipIndexes=false update ;; esac  \
        && apt-get install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests -y $nginxPackages gettext-base curl  \
        && apt-get remove --purge --auto-remove -y  \
        && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list  \
        && if [ -n "$tempDir" ]; then apt-get purge -y --auto-remove  \
        && rm -rf "$tempDir" /etc/apt/sources.list.d/temp.list; fi  \
        && ln -sf /dev/stdout /var/log/nginx/access.log  \
        && ln -sf /dev/stderr /var/log/nginx/error.log  \
        && mkdir /docker-entrypoint.d
COPY file:65504f71f5855ca017fb64d502ce873a31b2e0decd75297a8fb0a287f97acf92 in /
        docker-entrypoint.sh

COPY file:0b866ff3fc1ef5b03c4e6c8c513ae014f691fb05d530257dfffd07035c1b75da in /docker-entrypoint.d
        docker-entrypoint.d/
        docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh

COPY file:0fd5fca330dcd6a7de297435e32af634f29f7132ed0550d342cad9fd20158258 in /docker-entrypoint.d
        docker-entrypoint.d/
        docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh

COPY file:09a214a3e07c919af2fb2d7c749ccbc446b8c10eb217366e5a65640ee9edcc25 in /docker-entrypoint.d
        docker-entrypoint.d/
        docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh

ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-entrypoint.sh"]
EXPOSE 80
STOPSIGNAL SIGQUIT
CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daemon off;"]