R语言base graphics绘图设置

R语言base graphics绘图系统全局保存了一组参数，控制绘图的区域、颜色、线性、坐标等等

绘图区域(plotting regions)

inner region = figure region （inner region相对于outer region）
data symbols and lines -> plot region
axes and labels -> figure margins or outer margins

The size and location of the different regions: par()

Coordinate systems

user coordinates: x,y的坐标轴（axes）的标尺（scales）直观易于理解。
normalized coordinate systems：x和y的范围规范到[0,1]， 坐标l是图形位置的相对比例。

Base graphics state

High Level Setting par() plot() ...	Description
adj	Justication of text
ann	Draw plot labels and titles?
bg	Background color
bty	Type of box drawn by box()
cex (cex.axis, cex.lab, cex.main, cex.sub)	Size of text (multiplier)
col (col.axis, col.lab, c、ol.main, col.sub)	Color of lines and data symbols
family	Font family for text
fg	Foreground color
font ( font.axis, font.lab, font.main, font.sub)	Font face (bold, italic) for text
lab	Number of ticks on axes
las	Rotation of text in margins
lend, ljoin, lmitre	Line end/join style
lty	Line type (solid, dashed)
lwd	Line width
mgp	Placement of axis ticks and tick labels
pch	Data symbol type
srt	Rotation of text in plot region
tck	Length of axis ticks (relative to plot size)
tcl	Length of axis ticks (relative to text size)
xaxp	Number of ticks on x-axis
xaxs	Calculation of scale range on x-axis
xaxt	X-axis style (standard, none)
xpd	Clipping region
yaxp	Number of ticks on y-axis
yaxs	Calculation of scale range on y-axis
yaxt	Y-axis style (standard, none)

Low Level Setting par()	Description
fig	Location of figure region (normalized)
fin	Size of figure region (inches)
lheight	Line spacing (multiplier)
mai	Size of figure margins (inches)
mar	Size of figure margins (lines of text)
mex	Line spacing in margins
mfcol	Number of figures on a page
mfg	Which figure is used next
mfrow	Number of figures on a page
new	Has a new plot been started?
oma	Size of outer margins (lines of text)
omd	Location of inner region (normalized)
omi	Size of outer margins
pin	Size of plot region (inches)
plt	Location of plot region (normalized)
ps	Size of text (points)
pty	Aspect ratio of plot region
usr	Range of scales on axes
xlog	Logarithmic scale on x-axis?
ylog	Logarithmic scale on y-axis?

Read-only setting

Setting par("xxx")	Description Section
cin	Size of a character (inches)
cra	Size of a character (\pixels")
cxy	Size of a character (user coordinates)
din	Size of graphics device (inches)
page	Will the next plot start a new page?

绘图控制项分类

设置项	设置变量
颜色 color	col, fg, bg. (fill pattern: density, angle)
线 line	lty, lwd ljoin, lend, lmitre
文本 text	size: ps, cex font: font, family justification: adj(坐标点相对于text区域的位置） rotation: srt axes and title: ann multi-line: lheigh
数据展现 data symbol	pch (point character), cex, ps, type
坐标轴 axes	ticks marks: lab, xaxp, yaxp position: mgp length: tck, tck axes style: xaxs, yaxs axes type: xaxt, yaxt (s/n) transformation: xlog, ylog axes border: bty (box type) limits: xlim, ylim
绘图区 plot region	outer region: oma figure region: fig(l, r, b, t), fin(w, h) figure margin:mar(b, l, t, r), mai (inches), mex (multifier) plot region: plt(l,r, b, t) - ratio. pin(w, h) in inches. occupy type: pty (m|s)
裁剪 clipping	xpd; clip()
新起绘图区 new plot	new, devAskNewPage()提示是否新起一页
一页多图 multiple plots	mfrow/mfcol function: layout(), split.screen(), screen(), erase.screen(), close.screen()