C# Operate Excel

A. Read

 有两种方法：

  a.OleDbConnection 示例代码如下：

String connStr="Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source="+strFilePath+";Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;";
System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection con=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection(connStr);
System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter oda=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter("select * from [Sheet1$]",con);
System.Data.DataSet ds=new System.Data.DataSet();
oda.Fill(ds);
String[] SrcterminalId=new String[ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count];
String[] DestterminalId=new String[ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count];
String[] SendContent=new String[ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count];
for(Int32 i=0;i<ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count;i++)
{//从第0行，第0列开始
    if(ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][0].ToString()!="")
    {
        SrcterminalId[i]=ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][0].ToString();
        Console.Write(SrcterminalId[i].ToString()+" ");
    }
    if(ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][1].ToString()!="")
    {
        DestterminalId[i]=ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][1].ToString();
        Console.Write(DestterminalId[i].ToString()+" ");
    }
    if(ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][2].ToString()!="")
    {
        SendContent[i]=ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][2].ToString();
        Console.Write(SendContent[i].ToString()+" ");
    }                    
}

大家会发现数据会丢失的现象, 将EXCEL数据导出的时候如果同一列数据中既有文字，又有数字！读取时一列中要么文字丢失只剩下数字，要么数字丢失，只剩下文字，这是由第一行的数据类型决定的。出现这种问题是由于数据类型不统一造成的。原来的连接字符串为 String connStr="Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source="+strFilePath+";Extended Properties=Excel 8.0;";查阅资料后问题解决：String connStr="Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source="+strFilePath+";Extended Properties='Excel 8.0;IMEX=1'";

其中参数解释： 

HDR=YES    有两个值:YES/NO,表示第一行是否字段名,默认是YES,第一行是字段名

IMEX=1   解决数字与字符混合时,识别不正常的情况

  b.调用Com组件 需要添加Microsot.Excel 9.0 Object Library组件。

//创建Application对象
Excel.Application app=new Excel.ApplicationClass();
//是否显示Excel,默认为false
app.Visible=false;
Object o=System.Reflection.Missing.Value;
Excel.WorkbookClass w=(Excel.WorkbookClass)app.Workbooks.Open(strFilePath,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o);
Excel.Sheets sheets=w.Worksheets;
Excel.Worksheet datasheet=null;
foreach(Excel.Worksheet sheet in sheets)
{
    if(sheet.Name=="Sheet1")
    {
        datasheet=sheet;
        break;
    }
}
if(datasheet!=null)
{ //ds还是采用上面的取行写法，如果不这样，不知道读几行
    for(Int32 i=0;i<ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count;i++)
    { //从第二行，第一列开始
        //读取，通过Range对象，但使用不同的接口得到Range
        Excel.Range range=(Excel.Range)datasheet.Cells[i+2,1];
        if(range.Value2!=null &&range.Value2.ToString()!="")
        {
            SrcterminalId[i]=range.Value2.ToString();
            Console.Write(SrcterminalId[i].ToString()+" ");
        }
        range=(Excel.Range)datasheet.Cells[i+2,2];
        if(range.Value2!=null && range.Value2.ToString()!="")
        {
            DestterminalId[i]=range.Value2.ToString();
            Console.Write(DestterminalId[i].ToString()+" ");
        }
        range=(Excel.Range)datasheet.Cells[i+2,3];
        if(range.Value2!=null && range.Value2.ToString()!="")
        {
            SendContent[i]=range.Value2.ToString();
            Console.Write(SendContent[i].ToString()+" ");
        }                    
    }
}
datasheet=null;
sheets=null;
app.Quit();
app=null;

B.Write

 I.调用com组件(Access),导出access数据到Excel,就是直接调用access的导出功能,此方法速度超级快 

private void AccessExport(String strFilePath)
{
    Access.ApplicationClass oAccess=new Access.ApplicationClass();
    oAccess.Visible=false;
    try
    {
        //Access9
        oAccess.OpenCurrentDatabase(strFilePath,false);
        //导出到Excel
        oAccess.DoCmd.TransferSpreadsheet(Access.AcDataTransferType.acExport,Access.AcSpreadSheetType.acSpreadsheetTypeExcel9,"test1","D:/test1.xls",true,null,null);
        //导出到txt
        oAccess.DoCmd.TransferText(Access.AcTextTransferType.acExportDelim,"","test1","D:/test1.txt",true,"",0);
        oAccess.CloseCurrentDatabase();
        oAccess.DoCmd.Quit(Access.AcQuitOption.acQuitSaveNone);
        System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(oAccess);
        oAccess=null;
        MessageBox.Show("导入成功");
    }
    catch(Exception ex)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
    }
    finally
    {
        GC.Collect();
    }
}

II. 此方法速度也是超级快，只不过导出的格式非标准的Excel格式，默认工作表名与文件名相同

private void DataTableToExcel(String strDBPath)
{
    String AccessConnectionString="Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source="+strDBPath;
    System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection con=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection(AccessConnectionString);
    System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter oda=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter("select * from test1",con);
    System.Data.DataTable dt=new System.Data.DataTable();
    oda.Fill(dt);
    con.Close();

    String FilePath="D:/test1.xls";
    System.IO.FileStream objFileStream;
    System.IO.StreamWriter objStreamWriter;
    objFileStream=new System.IO.FileStream(FilePath,System.IO.FileMode.Create,System.IO.FileAccess.Write);
    objStreamWriter=new System.IO.StreamWriter(objFileStream,System.Text.Encoding.Unicode);
    String strLine="";
    for(Int32 i=0;i<dt.Columns.Count;i++)
    {//Convert.ToChar(9) 
        strLine=strLine+dt.Columns[i].ColumnName.ToString()+Convert.ToChar(9);
    }
    objStreamWriter.WriteLine(strLine);
    strLine="";
    for(Int32 i=0;i<dt.Rows.Count;i++)
    {
        strLine=strLine+(i+1)+Convert.ToChar(9);
        for(Int32 j=1;j<dt.Columns.Count;j++)
        {
            strLine=strLine+dt.Rows[i][j].ToString()+Convert.ToChar(9);
        }
        objStreamWriter.WriteLine(strLine);
        strLine="";
    }
    objStreamWriter.Close();
    objFileStream.Close();
}

 III.用Ado.net 此方法速度较以上两个显得慢了一些，数据量越大越明显

private void AdoExportExcel(String strDBPath)
{
    String AccessConnectionString="Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source="+strDBPath;
    System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection con=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection(AccessConnectionString);
    System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter oda=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter("select * from test1",con);
    System.Data.DataTable dt=new System.Data.DataTable();
    oda.Fill(dt);
    con.Close();

    String strFilePath="D:/test.xls";
    Int64 totalCount=dt.Rows.Count;
    Int64 rowRead=0;
    float percent=0;
    System.Data.OleDb.OleDbParameter[] parm=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbParameter[dt.Columns.Count];
    String connString="Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source="+strFilePath+";Extended Properties='Excel 8.0;'";
    System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection objCon=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection(connString);
    System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand objCom=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbCommand();
    objCom.Connection=objCon;
    objCon.Open();
    //建立表结构
    objCom.CommandText=@"create table Sheet1(序号 Integer,名称 varchar)";
    objCom.ExecuteNonQuery();
    //建立插入动作的Command,OleDbCommand是支持parameters的，但是使用的时候和SqlCommand有所区别
    //sqlCom.CommandText=@"insert into Sheet1 values(@Id,@Name)";
    objCom.CommandText=@"insert into Sheet1 values(?,?)";
    parm[0]=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbParameter("@Id",System.Data.OleDb.OleDbType.Integer);
    objCom.Parameters.Add(parm[0]);
    parm[1]=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbParameter("@Name",System.Data.OleDb.OleDbType.VarChar);
    objCom.Parameters.Add(parm[1]);
    //便利DataTable将数据插入新建的Excel文件中
    for(Int32 i=0;i<dt.Rows.Count;i++)
    {
        parm[0].Value=dt.Rows[i][0];
        for(Int32 j=1;j<parm.Length;j++)
            parm[j].Value=dt.Rows[i][j];
        objCom.ExecuteNonQuery();
        rowRead++;
        percent=((float)(100*rowRead))/totalCount;
        Console.WriteLine("正在导出数据，已导出["+percent.ToString("0.00")+"%]...");
        if(i==dt.Rows.Count-1)
                                                   Console.WriteLine("请稍后....");
        System.Windows.Forms.Application.DoEvents();
    }
    objCon.Close();
}

 IV. 此方法调用com组件(Excel)，速度都慢于以上3个方法

private void ComExportToExcel(String strDBPath)
{
    String AccessConnectionString="Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source="+strDBPath;
    System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection con=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection(AccessConnectionString);
    System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter oda=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter("select * from test1",con);
    System.Data.DataTable dt=new System.Data.DataTable();
    oda.Fill(dt);
    con.Close();

    String strFilePath="D:/test.xls";
    Int64 totalCount=dt.Rows.Count;
    Int64 rowRead=0;
    float percent=0;
    Excel.Application xlApp=null;
    xlApp=new Excel.ApplicationClass();
    Excel.Workbooks workbooks=xlApp.Workbooks;
                     Excel.Workbook workbook=workbooks.Add(Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);
    Excel.Worksheet worksheet=(Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1];//取得sheet1
    Excel.Range range;
    //写入字段
    for(Int32 i=0;i<dt.Columns.Count;i++)
    {
        worksheet.Cells[1,i+1]=dt.Columns[i].ColumnName;
        range=(Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1,i+1];
    }
    for(Int32 r=0;r<dt.Rows.Count;r++)
    {
        for(Int32 i=0;i<dt.Columns.Count;i++)
        {
            worksheet.Cells[r+2,i+1]=dt.Rows[r][i];
        }
        rowRead++;
        percent=((float)(100*rowRead))/totalCount;
        Console.WriteLine("正在导出数据，已导出["+percent.ToString("0.00")+"%]...");
        if(r==dt.Rows.Count-1)
            Console.WriteLine("请稍后....");
        System.Windows.Forms.Application.DoEvents();
    }
    range=worksheet.get_Range(worksheet.Cells[2,1],worksheet.Cells[dt.Rows.Count+1,dt.Columns.Count]);
    workbook.Saved=true;
    workbook.SaveCopyAs(strFilePath);
}

 V. 利用剪贴板 ,有人说此方法很快,不使用Web,web可以用二维数组

private void ExportToExcel(String strDBPath)
{
    String AccessConnectionString="Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source="+strDBPath;
    System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection con=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection(AccessConnectionString);
    System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter oda=new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter("select * from test1",con);
    System.Data.DataTable dt=new System.Data.DataTable();
    oda.Fill(dt);
    con.Close();

    String strFilePath="D:/test.xls";
    Object oMissing=System.Reflection.Missing.Value;
    Excel.ApplicationClass xlApp=new Excel.ApplicationClass();
    try
    {
        xlApp.Visible=false;
        xlApp.DisplayAlerts=false;
        Excel.Workbooks oBooks=xlApp.Workbooks;
        Excel.Workbook xlWorkbook=null;
        xlWorkbook=oBooks.Open(strFilePath,oMissing,oMissing,oMissing,oMissing,oMissing,oMissing,oMissing,oMissing,oMissing,oMissing,oMissing,oMissing);
        Excel.Worksheet xlWorksheet;
        //添加一个新的Sheet页
        xlWorksheet=(Excel.Worksheet)xlWorkbook.Worksheets.Add(oMissing,oMissing,1,oMissing);
        //以TableName作为新加的Sheet页名
        xlWorksheet.Name="企业";
        //取出这个DataTable中的所有值，暂存于stringBuffer中
        String stringBuffer="";
        for(Int32 j=0;j<dt.Rows.Count;j++)
        {
            for(Int32 k=0;k<dt.Columns.Count;k++)
            {
                stringBuffer+=dt.Rows[j][k].ToString();
                if(k<dt.Columns.Count-1)
                    stringBuffer+=" ";                        
            }
            stringBuffer+=" ";
        }
        //利用系统剪贴板
        System.Windows.Forms.Clipboard.SetDataObject("");
        //将stringBuffer放入剪贴板
        System.Windows.Forms.Clipboard.SetDataObject(stringBuffer);
        //选中这个sheet页中的第一个单元格
        ((Excel.Range)xlWorksheet.Cells[1,1]).Select();
        //粘贴
        xlWorksheet.Paste(oMissing,oMissing);
        //清空系统剪贴板
        System.Windows.Forms.Clipboard.SetDataObject("");

        //保存并关闭这个工作薄
        xlWorkbook.Close(Excel.XlSaveAction.xlSaveChanges,oMissing,oMissing);
        System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(xlWorkbook);
        xlWorkbook=null;
        xlApp.Quit();
        xlApp=null;
    }
    catch(Exception ex)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
    }
}

 

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