38、MD4与MD5碰撞中的消息自由及APOP应用解析

MD4与MD5碰撞中的消息自由及APOP应用解析

1. 碰撞示例

在密码学的哈希函数研究中，碰撞示例是理解哈希函数安全性的重要依据。这里展示了多种MD4和MD5的碰撞示例。
- 160 - 位MD4碰撞
| 消息类型 | 消息内容 |
| — | — |
| 消息M | 42 79 2d 65 f0 f8 4f d8 d5 7d 86 bf 78 54 9d 67 3f b3 8c aa |
| 消息M′ | 42 79 2d 65 f0 f8 4f d8 d5 7d 86 bf 78 54 9d 67 3f b3 8c ac |
| 消息M填充到一个块 | 42 79 2d 65 f0 f8 4f d8 d5 7d 86 bf 78 54 9d 67 3f b3 8c aa 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |
| 消息M′填充到一个块 | 42 79 2d 65 f0 f8 4f d8 d5 7d 86 bf 78 54 9d 67 3f b3 8c ac 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |
| MD4哈希值 | 46 6d cb bd 04 66 2c 43 75 12 18 f6 f4 e5 68 71 | </