成员初始化列表

类对象的构造顺序是这样的： 1.分配内存，调用构造函数时，隐式/显示的初始化各数据成员初始化阶段可以是显式的或隐式的，取决于是否存在成员初始化表。隐式初始化阶段按照声明的顺序依次调用所有基类的缺省构造函数，然后是所有成员类对象的缺省构造函数。 2.进入构造函数后在构造函数中执行一般计算 计算阶段由构造函数体内的所有语句构成。在计算阶段中，数据成员的设置被认为是赋值，而不是初始化。 使用初始化列表有两个原因： 1.必须这样做： 三种情况下需要使用初始化成员列表：一，对象成员；二，const修饰的成员；三，引用成员数据；

 

 

Stroustrup's original (and still prevailing) C++ Object Model is derived from the simple object model by optimizing for space and access time. Nonstatic data members are allocated directly within each class object. Static data members are stored outside the individual class object. Static and nonstatic function members are also hoisted outside the class object. Virtual functions are supported in two steps:

1.      A table of pointers to virtual functions is generated for each class (this is called the virtual table).

2.      A single pointer to the associated virtual table is inserted within each class object (traditionally, this has been called the vptr). The setting, resetting, and not setting of the vptr is handled automatically through code generated within each class constructor, destructor, and copy assignment operator (this is discussed in Chapter 5). The type_info object associated with each class in support of runtime type identification (RTTI) is also addressed within the virtual table, usually within the table's first slot.

Figure 1.3 illustrates the general C++ Object Model for our Point class. The primary strength of the C++ Object Model is its space and runtime efficiency. Its primary drawback is the need to recompile unmodified code that makes use of an object of a class for which there has been an addition, removal, or modification of the nonstatic class data members. (The two table model, for example, offers more flexibility by providing an additional level of indirection. But it does this at the cost of space and runtime efficiency.)