官方文档
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/javaOO/lambdaexpressions.html
教程
http://www.runoob.com/java/java8-new-features.html
Lambda表达式
//示例:集合排序(函数体只有一行不需大括号)
List<String> strList = Arrays.asList( "d", "a", "b" );
strList.sort( ( e1, e2 ) -> e1.compareTo( e2 ) );
strList.forEach(( String e ) -> System.out.println( e ));
//示例:遍历集合(函数体有多行代码需大括号)
Arrays.asList( "a", "b", "d" ).forEach(( String e ) -> {
System.out.println( e );
System.out.println( e );
} );
方法引用
方法引用
- 方法引用所引用的方法的参数列表与返回值类型,需要与函数式接口中抽象方法的参数列表和返回值类型保持一致
- 若Lambda 的参数列表的第一个参数,是实例方法的调用者,第二个参数(或无参)是实例方法的参数时,格式: ClassName::MethodName
示例:对象的引用 :: 实例方法名
//对象的引用 :: 实例方法名
@Test
public void objectTest(){
PrintStream ps = System.out;
Consumer<String> con = (str) -> ps.println(str);
con.accept("Hello World!");
System.out.println("--------------------------------");
Consumer<String> con2 = ps::println;
con2.accept("Hello Java8!");
Consumer<String> con3 = System.out::println;
}
示例:类名 :: 静态方法名
//类名 :: 静态方法名
@Test
public void classTest(){
Comparator<Integer> com = (x, y) -> Integer.compare(x, y);
System.out.println("-------------------------------------");
Comparator<Integer> com2 = Integer::compare;
}
示例:类名 :: 实例方法名
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
private double salary;
public Employee() {
}
public Employee(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Employee(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public Employee(int id, String name, int age, double salary) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.salary = salary;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public String show() {
return "测试方法引用!";
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + age;
result = prime * result + id;
result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
long temp;
temp = Double.doubleToLongBits(salary);
result = prime * result + (int) (temp ^ (temp >>> 32));
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Employee other = (Employee) obj;
if (age != other.age)
return false;
if (id != other.id)
return false;
if (name == null) {
if (other.name != null)
return false;
} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
return false;
if (Double.doubleToLongBits(salary) != Double.doubleToLongBits(other.salary))
return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", salary=" + salary + "]";
}
}
//类名 :: 实例方法名
@Test
public void classInstanceTest(){
BiPredicate<String, String> bp = (x, y) -> x.equals(y);
System.out.println(bp.test("abcde", "abcde"));
System.out.println("-----------------------------------------");
BiPredicate<String, String> bp2 = String::equals;
System.out.println(bp2.test("abc", "abc"));
System.out.println("-----------------------------------------");
Function<Employee, String> fun = (e) -> e.show();
System.out.println(fun.apply(new Employee()));
System.out.println("-----------------------------------------");
Function<Employee, String> fun2 = Employee::show;
System.out.println(fun2.apply(new Employee()));
}
构造器引用
构造器引用
构造器的参数列表,需要与函数式接口中参数列表保持一致
示例:引用无参构造器
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
private double salary;
public Employee() {
}
public Employee(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Employee(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public Employee(int id, String name, int age, double salary) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.salary = salary;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public String show() {
return "测试方法引用!";
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + age;
result = prime * result + id;
result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
long temp;
temp = Double.doubleToLongBits(salary);
result = prime * result + (int) (temp ^ (temp >>> 32));
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Employee other = (Employee) obj;
if (age != other.age)
return false;
if (id != other.id)
return false;
if (name == null) {
if (other.name != null)
return false;
} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
return false;
if (Double.doubleToLongBits(salary) != Double.doubleToLongBits(other.salary))
return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", salary=" + salary + "]";
}
}
//构造器引用
@Test
public void defaultConstructorTest(){
Function<String, Employee> fun = Employee::new;
BiFunction<String, Integer, Employee> fun2 = Employee::new;
}
示例:引用有参构造器
public class Employee {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
private double salary;
public Employee() {
}
public Employee(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Employee(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
public Employee(int id, String name, int age, double salary) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.salary = salary;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
public void setSalary(double salary) {
this.salary = salary;
}
public String show() {
return "测试方法引用!";
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + age;
result = prime * result + id;
result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
long temp;
temp = Double.doubleToLongBits(salary);
result = prime * result + (int) (temp ^ (temp >>> 32));
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
Employee other = (Employee) obj;
if (age != other.age)
return false;
if (id != other.id)
return false;
if (name == null) {
if (other.name != null)
return false;
} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
return false;
if (Double.doubleToLongBits(salary) != Double.doubleToLongBits(other.salary))
return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", salary=" + salary + "]";
}
}
@Test
public void constructorTest(){
Supplier<Employee> sup = () -> new Employee();
System.out.println(sup.get());
System.out.println("------------------------------------");
Supplier<Employee> sup2 = Employee::new;
System.out.println(sup2.get());
}
数组引用
示例:字符串数组引用
//数组引用
@Test
public void arrayTest(){
Function<Integer, String[]> fun = (args) -> new String[args];
String[] strs = fun.apply(10);
System.out.println(strs.length);
System.out.println("--------------------------");
Function<Integer, Employee[]> fun2 = Employee[] :: new;
Employee[] emps = fun2.apply(20);
System.out.println(emps.length);
}
函数式接口
示例:消费型接口
//Consumer<T> 消费型接口 :
@Test
public void consumerTest(){
happy(10000, (m) -> System.out.println("每次消费:" + m + "元"));
}
public void happy(double money, Consumer<Double> con){
con.accept(money);
}
示例:供给型接口
//Supplier<T> 供给型接口 :
@Test
public void supplierTest(){
List<Integer> numList = getNumList(10, () -> (int)(Math.random() * 100));
for (Integer num : numList) {
System.out.println(num);
}
}
//需求:产生指定个数的整数,并放入集合中
public List<Integer> getNumList(int num, Supplier<Integer> sup){
List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
Integer n = sup.get();
list.add(n);
}
return list;
}
示例:函数型接口
//Function<T, R> 函数型接口:
@Test
public void functionTest(){
String newStr = strHandler("\t\t\t 呵呵 ", (str) -> str.trim());
System.out.println(newStr);
String subStr = strHandler("呵呵", (str) -> str.substring(2, 5));
System.out.println(subStr);
}
//需求:用于处理字符串
public String strHandler(String str, Function<String, String> fun){
return fun.apply(str);
}
示例:断言型接口
//Predicate<T> 断言型接口:
@Test
public void predicateTest(){
List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Hello", "atguigu", "Lambda", "www", "ok");
List<String> strList = filterStr(list, (s) -> s.length() > 3);
for (String str : strList) {
System.out.println(str);
}
}
//需求:将满足条件的字符串,放入集合中
public List<String> filterStr(List<String> list, Predicate<String> pre){
List<String> strList = new ArrayList<>();
for (String str : list) {
if(pre.test(str)){
strList.add(str);
}
}
return strList;
}