pcie gpu cpu 速度瓶颈

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最新推荐文章于 2025-06-11 14:59:19 发布

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本文介绍了常见接口的最大速度，包括PCI、AGP、PCI Express等，并详细解析了不同CPU架构及对应的PCI-Express通道数量，为高性能计算系统的硬件选择提供指导。

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常用的接口最大速度：
Common Buses and their Max Bandwidth
PCI 132 MB/s
AGP 8X 2,100 MB/s
PCI Express 1x 250 [500]* MB/s
PCI Express 2x 500 [1000]* MB/s
PCI Express 4x 1000 [2000]* MB/s
PCI Express 8x 2000 [4000]* MB/s
PCI Express 16x 4000 [8000]* MB/s
PCI Express 32x 8000 [16000]* MB/s
USB 2.0 (Max Possible) 60 MB/s
IDE (ATA100) 100 MB/s
IDE (ATA133) 133 MB/s
SATA 150 MB/s
SATA II 300 MB/s
SATA III [SATA 3] 600 MB/s
Gigabit Ethernet 125 MB/s
IEEE1394B [Firewire 800] ~100 MB/s*

# lspci -vv
4c:00.0 Ethernet controller: NetXen 10G Ethernet PCI Express (rev 25)
Link: Supported Speed 2.5Gb/s, Width x8, ASPM L0s, Port 0
Link: Latency L0s <64ns, L1 <1us
Link: ASPM Disabled RCB 64 bytes CommClk- ExtSynch-
Link: Speed 2.5Gb/s, Width x4

CPU速度
2. A host system with the newest Intel CPU architecture always delivers optimal performance

Not always true. Intel tends to launch its newest CPU architectures on it’s lowest end CPU products first. Once they are proven in lower end applications, the architecture migrates up to higher end segments months or even years later. The problem? The lowest end, newest architecture CPUs can feature the least number of PCI-Express lanes per socket:

CPU Core i7-5xxx? Xeon E3-1200v3/Core i7-47xx/48xx Xeon E5-1600v3, Core i7 58xx/59xx Xeon E5-2400v2 Xeon E5-2600v3
CPU Socket Likely Socket 1150 Socket 1150 Socket 2011-3/R3 Socket 1356 Socket 2011-3/R3
CPU Core Architecture Broadwell Haswell Haswell Ivy Bridge Haswell
Launch Date 2015 Q2 2013 Q3 2014 Q1 2014 Q3 2014
PCI-Express Lanes Per Motherboard Likely 16 Gen3 16 Gen3 40 Gen3 (Xeon)
28-40 Gen3 (Core i7) 48 Gen3
(both CPUs populated) 80 Gen3
(both CPUs populated)
Socket 1150 CPUs debuted in mid-2013 and were the only offering with the latest and greatest Haswell architecture for over a year; however, the CPUs available only delivered 16 PCI-Express Gen3 lanes per socket. It was tempting for some users to outfit a system with a modestly priced (and “latest”) Core i7-4700 series “Haswell” CPU during this period. However, this choice could have fundamentally hindered application performance. We’ll see this again when Intel debuts Broadwell for the same socket in 2015.

http://timdettmers.com/2015/03/09/deep-learning-hardware-guide/